Introduction Definition Reactions Uses in life Definition Organic

Introduction, Definition, Reactions, Uses in life

Definition • Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon, an element that forms strong chemical bonds to other carbon atoms as well as to many other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and the halogens. • Because of its versatility in forming covalent bonds, more than a million carbon compounds are known. Many are composed of only carbon and hydrogen, collectively called hydrocarbons. • Carbon always forms four covalent bonds; that may be present as four single bonds per atom, or two single bonds and one double bond, or one single bond and one triple bond. • With the ability of carbon to bond in different ways, an important part of organic chemistry concerns the structure of compounds.

• There are many organic compounds are existing naturally, which are included in all sections in life, because the organic compounds are under effect of reactions to make different and larger or more beneficial compounds that are by simple reaction may use in different purpose.

LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) A mixture of propane and butane; used as a fuel for cooking and other purposes. Esters Methyl Butanoate (apple scent)

Practical Techniques • There are two types for working in the laboratories to prepare, synthesize new compounds, purifying, and/or identification (separation) of compounds: • Instrumental (IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, UV, TLC, … etc. ) • Manual (Boiling Point, Melting Point, Solubility, sodium fusion, extraction, distillation, … etc. )

Experiments: ØExtraction of caffeine from tea ØSolubility of organic compounds ØDistillation ØSimple Distillation ØFractional Distillation ØSodium fusion test