Introduction Course overview History of Oceanography Course web
Introduction Course overview History of Oceanography
Course web page n bohr. winthrop. edu n Click on Courses on left column n Find GEOL 220 link n Syllabus, topic outlines, schedule, etc.
Interdisciplinary n n n n Biology Chemistry Physics Geology Geography Political Science Mathematics Computer Science
History of Oceanography n Early n Age of Discovery n Science and the Oceans n Modern Oceanography n Different motivations at different times
Early history n Reasons: trade, fishing, defense Self centered view of Earth n Examples
Early history (2) Difficult to navigate without shorelines n Phoenicians (approx. 1000 BC) n Polynesians important) (300 -600 AD most
Early history (3) n Greeks (approx. 500 BC) – Erasthosthenes (working in Egypt) – circumference of earth – Pliny the Elder – phases of moon and tides – Ptolemy (approx. 150 AD) – vast ocean, used lat and long n Middle Ages: very little exploration except – Vikings (approx. 1000 AD) – Arabs
Age of Discovery (1) n Travel for economic, political and religious reasons n Portugal: – Prince Henry – Dias (1497) – Vasco Da Gama (1498)
Age of Discovery (2) Spain n Columbus (1492) n Vespucci (~1500) n Balboa (1513) n Magellan (1522)
Age of Discovery (3) Discovery with some science n James Cook (1768 -1780) – Endeavour, Resolution, Adventure n Ben Franklin (1769) n Matthew F. Maury (early 1800 s)
Purely scientific n Challenger Expedition (1872 -1876) n Extremely significant
More for science n Voyages of Nansen aboard Fram (end of 1800 s) n Meteor expedition (1925 -27)
Modern Oceanography (since 20 th century) n International n Interdisciplinary n Scientific n Complex instruments n “Modern” technology
Modern Oceanography n US funding n Oceanographic institutes n Drill ships, satellites, for example n International cooperation
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