Introducing the Polimotor 2 Dr Brian Stern Alpharetta

Introducing the Polimotor 2 Dr. Brian Stern | Alpharetta, GA

Building a Model of Sustainable Chemestry 10, 213 26, 000 employees million net sales 119 52 countries sites 2 15 major R&I centers Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016 Building a strong leader, a player in the reshaping of the global chemical industry. Asserting ourselves as a model of sustainable chemistry, capable of attracting and developing talented people who conceive, design and produce solutions to meet the major challenges facing society today. 2014 figures

3 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

Automotive Technology Platform 280°C 200°C 150°C 4 Powertrain Efficiency Electrification Light-Weighting Emissions Reduction Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

A Broad Portfolio Solvay’s unique solution offering to its customers further differentiates it from its competitors Aromatics LCP 5 HPPA PPS PEEK Fluoropolymers PAI Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016 PSU PTFE PVDF PFA FKM High Barrier X-Linkable Polymers Compounds PFPE PVDC XLCP

Polimotor • Created by Matti Holztberg in 1980 after 7 years of R&D • What is Polimotor? - World’s first Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Internal Combustion Engine - Amoco was a major sponsor with the Torlon® PAI Product (now owned by Solvay Specialty Polymers) which was a key enabler for the Polimotor technology • History - 1984: Polimotor was installed in a Lola. T 616 race car - 1985: The car raced in the International Motor Sports Association Camel GT Championship in the Camel Lights (Group C 2) category - 1985: Polimotor finshed 3 rd at Limerock & Elkhart 6 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

Solvay’s Role in Polimotor 2 Leading sponsor for the Polimotor 2 Initiative Polimotor 2 Objectives Technology Base • 2 -liter 4 -cylinder Ford engine • Weight • Target 63 kg (138 lbs) Power Output • To be determined Polymer Components • • • Cylinder block Cylinder head Cam cover Intake manifold (plenum) Air duct (runner) Oil pan Cam Sprocket Water inlet/outlet Throttle body Fuel rail Oil pump More to come Processing Technology • • Compression molding Injection molding Machining Additive Manufacturing (3 D printing) • • Solvay Specialty Polymers • Amodel® PPA Introduce innovative • Ryton® PPS new polymers & ® processing technologies • Radel PPSU • Ava. Spire® PAEK Demonstrate light • Keta. Spire® PEEK weighting possibilities • Torlon® PAI • Tecnolflon® FKM Showcase CO 2 reduction technologies Solvay Engineering Plastics • Technyl® PA 66 • Sinterline® 7 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

Polimotor Engines Polimotor 1 8 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

Power Train Technology Overview • Technology Base - 4 Cylinder, Turbo Charged, Double Overhead Cam Engine (375 -400 HP) • Mass Reduction Target - 40% Reduction in Weight • • • Combustion & Cam/Crank Design - Potential Cylinder Wall Materials: Steel, Aluminum, Iron, Ceramic - Combustion Chamber Materials: Aluminum, Cast iron, Magnesium, Ceramic - Cam shaft and crank shaft are metal • Engine Block/Oil Pan/Cam Box - GF Reinforced Thermoset - Key Drivers: Weight and NVH Abatement, dry sump oil pan for improved performance • Transmission - Norma 20 Concept Car with Sadev Gear Box Engine is designed for testing & concept demonstration NDA required with M. Holtzberg for further technical discussions 9 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

Composite Engine Technology Overview • Engine Block/Oil Pan/Cam Box • GF/CF Reinforced Thermoset • 10 X Longer Tool Life than Steel Tooling for Aluminum High Pressure Die Casting. Tooling is 60% less expensive due to lower injection pressure. • No need to seal (Impregnate) as done for high pressure die casting Aluminum • Molding to net shape reduces/eliminates secondary machining • Post cure 160°C for 3 hours vs Aluminum heat treating at 500°C for 8 hours • • Engine is designed for testing & concept demonstration NDA required with M. Holtzberg for further technical discussions 10 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

Keta. Spire® Polyetherketone (PEEK) PEEK Attributes • Heat Deflection temperature up to 315°C • Best in class fatigue resistance • Long term thermal oxidative stability up to 240°C • Outstanding chemical resistance to auto fluids • Excellent wear resistance Systems Applications Chassis ABS Tappet ABS piston Air Management Pumps Electrical & Electronics Transmission & Launch Devices 11 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016 Turbo by-pass valve EGR Valve Turbo comp wheel Turbo coupling rod Vane tips Slides HP fuel tappets/piston Magnet wire insulation Insulation film Connectors Thrust washers Seal rings Thrust bearings Bearing cages

Component: Air Intake Runner Material: Keta. Spire® KT-820 CF 30 a f g 8 Component: E-Water Pump Material: Ryton® R-4 -220 Component: Water inlets/outlets Material: Ava. Spire® AV-621 GF 30 Component: Cam Cover Material: Radel® R-5100 BK h Component: CAC Housing i Material: Amodel® A-4145 HH b Component: Air Intake Plenum Material: Sinterline® PA 6 j Component: Throttle Body Material: Keta. Spire® KT-820 CF 30 Component: Cam Sprockets Material: Torlon® 7130 c Component: Fuel injector o-ring Material: Tecnoflon® VPL k Component: Cylinder head gasket Material: Tecnoflon® e l d Component: Fuel rail | Material: Ryton® XK-2340 12 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016 Component: Oil Scavenger Line Material: Keta. Spire® KT-820 CF 30

CAM SPROCKET • Material: Torlon® 7130 • Application Requirements - Mechanically strong at elevated temperature - Low wear versus belt - Low temperature generation - Optimum torque transfer • Sourcing - Molding – Allegheny Plastics - Hobbing – Gates Rubber (Spur Tooth Design) 13 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016 • Application Demonstration - Polimotor 1 - Dyno Testing - Fabrication Methodology • Commercial Opportunities - New belt designs vs chain • Value to OEMs - Longer belt life – plastics is insulator versus steel conductor - Weight Reduction = 60 - 70 % - NVH improvement October 2015 Press Release

Plenum/Air Intake Manifold • Material: Sinterline® Nylon 6 • Application Requirements - Mechanically strong at elevated temperature - Pressure • Application Demonstration - Pressure testing - Dyno testing - Fabrication methodology • Commercial Opportunities - Demonstration of 3 D printing • Sourcing technology (Selective Laser Sintering) - Solvay Sinterline® 3 D Selective Laser - Suggested Solvay material for Sintering from powder injection molded cam covers is Technyl® October 2015 Press Release 14 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

Throttle Body • Material: Keta. Spire® CF PEEK • Application Requirements - Mechanically strong at elevated temperature - Dynamic system - Dimensional tolerance for air flow • Sourcing - Arevo 3 D Printing via Reinforced Filament Fusion Deposition 15 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016 • Application Demonstration - Temperature testing (high and low) - Dyno testing - Fabrication Methodology – 3 D tensile bars • Commercial Opportunities - Light weighting for engines

Fuel Rail • Material: Ryton® XK-2340 • Sourcing - Concept Molding/Allegheny Plastics • Application Requirements • Application Demonstration - Mechanically strong at elevated temperature - Temperature testing (high and low) - Sealing - Dyno testing - Dimensional tolerance to allow for • Commercial Opportunities required fuel flow - Light weighting for engines using port - Chemical and permeation resistance injection to ethanol based fuels 2016 Press Release 16 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

Oil Pump Housing for Dry Sump • Material: Ava. Spire® AV-621 CF 30 • Application Requirements - Mechanically strong at elevated temperature - Sealing - Dimensional tolerance with gears • Sourcing - Concept Molding/Allegheny Plastics • Application Demonstration - Temperature testing (high and low) - Dyno testing 17 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016 • Commercial Opportunities - Light weighting for performance engines - Race car performance 2016 Press Release

Coming to a Racetrack Near You Spa-Francorchamps (Belgium) Le Mans (France) Mugello (Italy) Daytona (FL) Watkins Glen (NY) Road Atlanta (GA) Circuit of Americas (TX) Lime Rock (CT) 18 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016

Powertrain Efficiency Electrification Light-Weighting Emissions Reduction If interested to discuss further, please contact us! Brian Baleno Brian Stern Global Automotive Business Development Manager Market Manager Brian. Baleno@Solvay. com 19 Polimotor 2 | © Solvay Specialty Polymers, 2016 Brian. Stern@Solvay. com

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