Introducing carbon capture and sequestration CCS to the

Introducing carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) to the University of Southampton Lindsay-Marie Armstrong Research Fellow Rm 1051, Building 25 Highfield Southampton SO 17 1 BJ L. Armstrong@soton. ac. uk

The what’s and why’s. . What is CCS? What is global warming? CCS involves the extraction and storage of carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from industrial processes somewhere other than the atmosphere. Ø Increase in average global temperatures which can lead to a change in the climate. Ø Key indicators that the world is warming up include: Increased global dependence on energy requires technologies to be developed that not only reduce CO 2 emissions but maintain current levels of energy production. CO 2 extraction is considered the future mitigating method to prevent global warming but needs to be thoroughly researched before it can be fully accepted as a long term solution. (Source: NOAA) Why is CCS needed? Natural events and human activities are all contributors, but increased CO 2 levels is considered the primary factor. Levels have peaked considerably since the industrial revolution. (Source: NOAA)

CCS Technologies CO 2 CAPTURE: 1. Post-combustion Amine Absorption Membrane Absorption Clean gas Adsorption CO 2 stored CO 2 Amine Heat Pressure difference Flue gas 2. Pre-combustion 3. Oxy-fuel POWER STATION Stored CO 2 Coal H 2 N 2 Stored CO 2 H 2 Gasification CO Air Coal H 2 O (Water shift) Gas separation O 2 Combustion H 2 O CO 2 SEQUESTRATION: CO 2 is removed from the atmosphere by three ways: Biosphere sinks – natural CO 2 reservoirs such as oceans, forests and soils. Geosphere sinks - occur naturally but require anthropogenic operations to utilise them, e. g. , depleted oil reservoirs. Material sinks - anthropogenically created carbon materials such as chemicals and plastics.

What next? RESEARCH Ø Carry out research in the technologies with the greatest impact: • • Post-combustion has the greatest applicability across industrial to their existing Pre-combustion research should continue to improve to develop advanced future applications Ø Currently have a Ph. D student and myself working on amine absorption technologies Ø Currently have 4 papers on pre-combustion technologies and two papers in post-combustion technologies Ø Recently received an EPSRC grant of £ 728, 000 to carry out a four year project in the computational modelling of computational modelling amine absorption processes and also to develop a lab-scale carbon capture lab for validation purposes. Ø Involves a collaboration with Cranfield University and E. ON. EDUCATION Ø Looking to set up modules to form an MSc in CCS Technologies Ø Work with • • • Ø For engineering development in carbon capture, the modules would fit well with: • SESG 6018: Design Search and Optimisation 1: Principles, methods and parameterizations • SESG 6019: Design Search and Optimisation 2: Case studies • Group design project (GDP) • SESS 6007: Computational Fluid Dynamics existing modules to consider CCS from an environmental point of view: SESM 6021: Introduction to Energy Technologies CENV 6087: Environmental Impact Assessment ENVS 6006: Environmental Pollution