INTRO TO WWII DAY 1 TODAYS OBJECTIVES IDENTIFY

INTRO TO WWII DAY 1

TODAY’S OBJECTIVES IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS THAT TOOK POWER IN RUSSIA, ITALY, GERMANY, AND JAPAN AFTER WWI. SUMMARIZE THE ACTIONS TAKEN BY AGGRESSIVE REGIMES IN EUROPE AND ASIA.

END OF WWI REVIEW § TREATY OF VERSAILLES § DEMILITARIZED GERMANY § ESTABLISHED 9 NEW COUNTRIES: FINLAND, POLAND, CZECH, AND YUGOSLAVIA § GERMANY MUST SIGN THE WARGUILT CLAUSE § RUSSIA: BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION § COMMUNISTS GAIN POWER – USSR (SOVIET UNION) CREATED § 1924: JOSEPH STALIN TOOK POWER

EUROPE – AFTER WORLD WAR I

WWII IMPORTANT LEADERS TO KNOW § § § § GERMANY: ADOLF HITLER ITALY: BENITO MUSSOLINI JAPAN: § HIRHITO (EMPEROR) § HIDEKI TOJO (LEADER OF ARMY) GREAT BRITAIN: § NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN § WINSTON CHURCHILL FRANCE: CHARLES DE GAULLE USSR: JOSEPH STALIN USA: FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

CAUSES OF WWII 1. PROBLEMS LEFT OVER FROM WWI EX: TREATY OF VERSAILLES 2. TYRANNY AND DICTATORSHIPS 3. NATIONALISM 4. MILITARISM 5. ALLIANCES

TOTALITARIANISM TYPE OF GOVERNMENT I WHICH A SINGLE PARTY OR LEADER CONTROLS THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LIVES OF THE PEOPLE. I. E. : DICTATORSHIPS

FASCISM STRESSED NATIONALISM AND PLACED INTERESTS OF THE STATE ABOVE INDIVIDUALS Idea: power must rest with a single strong leader and small group of devoted followers

GERMANY � LEADER: ADOLF HITLER (1933 – CHANCELLOR) � LEADER OF THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKER’S PARTY (NAZI PARTY) � ESTABLISHED THE THIRD REICH (3 RD GERMAN EMPIRE) � CALLED DER FÜHRER– “THE LEADER”

� � � ADOLF HITLER PROMISED TO BRING GERMANY OUT OF THE CHAOS THAT CAME FROM WWI - TREATY OF VERSAILLES NAZISM: BASED ON MEIN KAMPF � GERMAN BRAND OF FASCISM HITLER AND THE NAZIS SUPPORTED 2 THINGS: 1. “PURIFICATION” AT HOME (OF THE GERMAN RACE) - VIEWED GERMANS AS THE “MASTER RACE” – BLOND HAIR, BLUE EYEDARYANS 2. “NATIONAL EXPANSION” – LEBENSRAUM - LIVING SPACE FOR THE ENTIREGERMAN RACE � THE GREAT DEPRESSION HELPED HIM COME TO POWER � 1932: 6 MILLIONGERMANS WERE OUT OF WORK

MEIN KAMPF � � BOOK WRITTEN BY HITLER � “MY STRUGGLE” DIVIDES HUMANS INTO CATEGORIES BASED ON PHYSICAL APPEARANCE. � � AT THE TOP, IS THEGERMANIC MAN WITH HIS FAIR SKIN, BLOND HAIR AND BLUE EYES. (ARYAN = MASTER RACE) REFERS TO JEWS AS PARASITES AND MORTAL ENEMIES TO THE ARYAN HUMANITY � ACCUSES JEWS OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONSPIRACY TO CONTROL WORLD FINANCES, THE PRESS, AND SPREADING DISHARMONY.

SOVIET UNION 1924: Vladimir Lenin died Joseph Stalin heads the Communist Party “Man of Steel” Made agricultural and industrial state controlled Abolished all privately owned farms “Five year Plans”: pushed the USSR to a powerful industrial country Purged anyone who disagreed (8 -13 million deaths)

ITALY Led by Benito Mussolini Affected by the Depression 1919: Mussolini founded the Fascist Party Pushed nationalism and promised to bring back Roman Empire Called himself Il Duce – “the leader” Consolidated government control and the army under his rule Outlawed political parties, organized youth indoctrination groups and suppressed strikes

JAPAN 1920 S: INCREASED DEMOCRACY AND A REDUCTION IN MILITARY POWER 1930 S: GREAT DEPRESSION HIT CIVILIAN LEADERS TRADITIONAL POWERS AND MILITARY LEADERS WERE ASSERTED JAPAN CONTINUED CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY – EMPEROR HIROHITO IDEAS MILITARISM , IMPERIALISM, NATIONALISM PUSHED THE JAPAN EMPIRE TO EXPAND ALSO LIMITED NATURAL RESOURCES & GROWING POPULATION 1931 - INVADE MANCHURIA 1937 - INVADE CHINA LEAGUE OF NATIONS DOSE NOTHING!

THREATS BECOME REALITY 1933: HITLER PULLS GERMANY OUT OF LEAGUE � 1935: STARTS BUILDING UP MILITARY (VIOLATES VERSAILLES) � 1935: ITALY ATTACKED AND TAKES CONTROL OF ETHIOPIA (AFRICA) � 1936: SPANISH REBELLION (LED BY FRANCISCO FRANCO) – TOTALITARIAN/FASCISM �GERMANY AND ITALY HELP �

GERMAN AGGRESSION � � MARCH, 1936– REMILITARIZESRHINELAND (AREA B/TRHINE RIVER & FRANCE) OCTOBER, 1936 – ROME/BERLIN AXIS SIGNED �ITALY AND GERMANY � � � NOV. 1936– ANTI-COMINTERN SIGNED: �ITALY, GERMANY, JAPAN MARCH, 1938 – INVADES AUSTRIA CALLS FOR HELP –ALLIED COUNTRIES STAY NEUTRAL!

CZECHOSLOVAKIA � ONLY DEMOCRATIC NATION IN CENTRAL EUROPE � � � CREATED AFTER WWI MELTING POT: 1 M. HUNGARIANS; ½ M. RUTHENIANS; 3 M. GERMANS SEPT. 12, 1938 – HITLER DEMANDS GERMANS OF SUDETENLAND BE GIVEN FREEDOM

RESULTS OF CZECH INVASION � � GB PRIME MINISTER, NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN, MEETS W/HITLER TO AVOID CRISIS – 9/15/38 HITLER DEMANDS SUDETEN; CHAMBERLAIN APPEASES HIM � APPEASEMENT: POLICY OF GIVING AGGRESSOR NATIONS WHAT THEY WANT IN ORDER TO AVOID WAR � � HITLER NOW SAYS HE NEEDS ALL OF CZECH MOBILIZES FOR WAR

RESULTS OF CZECH INVASION � SEPT. 29, 1938 – MUNICH CONFERENCE � MUSSOLINI, HITLER, CHAMBERLAIN, AND FRENCH PREMIER EDUARD DALADIER � CZECH NOT EVEN INVITED! � MUSSOLINI OFFERS “COMPROMISE” GIVE HITLER SUDETEN (NW CZECH) & HE PROMISES NO MORE AGGRESSION � GB & FRANCE ACCEPT DO NOT WANT PROBLEMS � CHAMBERLAIN PROCLAIMS HE HAS ENSURED, “PEACE IN OUR TIME. ”

RESULT OF APPEASEMENT � � � MARCH 15, 1939 – GERMANY TAKES CONTROL OF NW CZECH (SUDETEN) ONE WEEK LATER…. HE TAKES ALL OF W. CZECH WESTERN ALLIES MOBILIZE FOR WAR!!