INTRO TO THE MIDDLE EAST GEOGRAPHYCULTURE HOMEWORK Use

INTRO TO THE MIDDLE EAST, GEOGRAPHY/CULTURE HOMEWORK Use the Power. Point and other resources (if needed) to fill in the following parts of your blank map: • Countries • Capitals • Major Mountain Ranges • Major Rivers • Major Bodies of Water • Names of the different peninsulas/other land masses. Next Time • Intro to the Middle East Continued —Political Background.

The Middle East A

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA B Red

B Per Capita GDP of countries in Middle East (2011) ($) NY Times World Affairs Annual Qatar 104, 300 UAE 48, 800 Kuwait 42, 200 Israel 31, 400 Oman 26, 900 Bahrain 27, 900 Saudi Arabia 24, 500 Lebanon 15, 700 Turkey 14, 700 Iran 13, 200 Jordan 6, 000 Syria 5, 100 Yemen 2, 300 Per Capita GDP of countries in North Africa (2011) ($) Libya 14, 100 Tunisia 9, 600 Algeria 7, 400 Egypt 6, 600 Morocco 5, 100

Non-Arabic countries in the Middle East C

D

E Sunni SUNI Shi’a There approx. 50 majority Muslim countries Are most Muslims Arabs? Are most Arabs Muslims? Do most Muslims live in the Middle East? Most Populated Islamic Countries (2013) Country, and % of Islamic population on Earth Indonesia 13. 1% India 11% Pakistan 10. 5% Bangladesh 8. 4% Nigeria 5. 0% Note: Despite having a large Islamic population, India has a Hindu majority.

The Sunni-Shia split occurred after the death of Mohammed in the 7 th Century. CF The question became: who will take over for Mohammad as the leader of Islam? Two groups emerged: 1) Some felt that there should be an election/selection of the most qualified “candidate. ” Those people came to be known as SUNNIS. 3 minute video on differences http: //www. diffen. com/difference/Shia_vs_Sunni 2) Some felt the next leader should be related to Mohammad. Those people were eventually known as SHIA.

COMMONALITIES BETWEEN SUNNI AND SHI’A SUNNI • Belief in 5 Pillars of Faith • Monotheistic • Stress the importance of helping the poor • Friday is the holy day • Use of statues or pictures of Mohammed are prohibited • Mohammed should not be worshipped • Jesus is a prophet of God SHI’A • Belief in 5 Pillars of Faith • Monotheistic • Stress the importance of helping the poor • Friday is the holy day • Use of statues or pictures of Mohammed are prohibited • Mohammed should not be worshipped • Jesus is a prophet from God

Commonalities between Sunni and Shi’a SUNNI • Believe that there will be a second coming of Jesus • Believe that Christians and Jews are “fellow peoples of the book” (books which would have info about Jesus) • Jesus did NOT die on the cross. Allah saved him. • Holy book: the Koran, which should properly be written in Arabic SHI’A • Believe that there will be a second coming of Jesus • Believe that Christians and Jews are “fellow peoples of the book” (books which would have info about Jesus) • Jesus did NOT die on the cross. Allah saved him. • Holy book: the Koran, which should be properly written in Arabic.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUNNI AND SHI’A SUNNI SHI’A • 1. 3 billion worldwide • Supported Abu Bakr to follow Mohammed as leader of Islam. • The last person to be “divinely guided” was Mohammed • Pray 5 times per day • Pray with arms folded on chest • 300 million worldwide • Supported Ali to follow Mohammed as leader of Islam. • Imams are “divinely guided” • Pray 3 times a day (combining 2 prayers twice) • Pray with hands at sides

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUNNIS AND SHI’A SUNNIS • Angels have no free will; they merely convey Allah’s word • Temporary unannounced marriage is not allowed * Worship at graves SHI’A • Angels have limited free will • Temporary unannounced marriage allowed • Do not worship at graves There also differences in regard to the following: View of the 4 successors after Mohammed, building and visiting of shrines, clergy, offshoot religions, holy days, other holy cities (for Shi’a), additional Pillars of Faith, etc.

G

% of the population which is Shia; most of the remainder of the population is Sunni • Iran (90 -95%) • Iraq (65 -70%) 3 Governments dominated/ruled by Shia – all the rest are Sunni dominated/ruled • IRAN • IRAQ • SYRIA H • Syria (13%) • Bahrain (66 -70%) • Yemen (35 -40%) • Lebanon (30 -35%) • Kuwait (30 -40%) 1) List the 3 Middle East countries which have majority Shia population: __________ 2) Most of the Middle East countries have Shia majority populations: (True or False) • S. Arabia (15 -22%) • Turkey (10 -15%) • Jordan (2%) 3) Which one of the countries with a Sunni majority population is dominated by a Shia minority sect? ______ • Oman (5 -10%) 4) Why might Syria and Iran be allied? ______ • UAE (10%) • Qatar (10%) • Egypt (1 -2%)

I Percent of Syria which is Sunni, Shia and Christian (as of 2013) SHI’A MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS SUNNI MUSLIMS Note: These percentages are in flux because of the amount of Syrians fleeing the country.

J Sunni majority areas: light green Shi’a: dark green

K % of the population which is Shia Government dominated by Shia Iran (90 -95%) • IRAN Iraq (65 -70%) • IRAQ Syria (13%) • SYRIA Bahrain (66 -70%) Yemen (35 -40%) Lebanon (30 -35%) Kuwait (30 -40%) S. Arabia (15 -22%) Turkey (10 -15%) UAE (10%) Jordan (2%) Oman (5 -10%) Qatar (10%) Majority ethnic group Type of Government Persians Arabic Arabic Turkish Arabic Arabic Theocracy In transition Shia minority rule Sunni minority monarchy In transition Monarchy Multiparty democracy Monarchy Const. monarchy Monarchy In transition

Pres Bush Jr and King of Bahrain Pres. Obama and King of Saudi Arabia

Pres Reagan and King of Saudi Arabia Pres Bush Sr and King of Kuwait

Pres Clinton, Queen Elizabeth and King of Saudi Arabia

M Per Capita GDP of countries in Middle East (2011) ($) NY Times World Affairs Annual Qatar 104, 300 UAE 48, 800 Kuwait 42, 200 Israel 31, 400 Oman 26, 900 Bahrain 27, 900 Saudi Arabia 24, 500 Lebanon 15, 700 Turkey 14, 700 Iran 13, 200 Jordan 6, 000 Syria 5, 100 Yemen 2, 300 Per Capita GDP of countries in North Africa (2011) ($) Libya 14, 100 Tunisia 9, 600 Algeria 7, 400 Egypt 6, 600 Morocco 5, 100

N Literacy Rates of countries in Middle East (2011) (M/F) NY Times World Affairs Annual Qatar 97/95 UAE 76/82 Kuwait 94/91 Israel 99/96 Oman 87/74 Bahrain 96/92 Saudi Arabia 90/81 Lebanon 93/82 Turkey 95/80 Iran 84/70 Jordan 96/89 Syria 86/74 Yemen 81/47 Literacy rates of countries in North Africa (2011) (M/F) Libya 96/83 Tunisia 83/65 Algeria 80/60 Egypt 80/64 Morocco 69/44

Q Middle East – North Africa (as of 1914 - the eve of World War 1)

AFGHANISTAN