Intro to MIS MGS 351 Computer Hardware and

Intro to MIS - MGS 351 Computer Hardware and Software Extended Learning Module A

Overview l Overview and History l Binary and Digital Communications l Hardware l l CPU, Memory, Storage Devices, Input Devices, Output Devices Software l Operating Systems, Application Software, Programming Languages

Computers

Other Computer Form Factors

Computers? ? ?

Essence of a Computer “If we can build something that adds, we’re well on our way to building something that uses addition to also subtract, multiply, divide, calculate mortgage payments, guide rockets to Mars, play chess and foul up our phone bills. ” - Charles Petzold, CODE p 131

Mechanical Computers

Difference Engine "I wish to God these calculations had been executed by steam. " – Charles Babbage upon finding multiple errors in calculation tables

Binary Communications l Could you communicate successfully with only two signals, symbols or sounds? Telegraph / Morse Code l Braille l

Can a Machine do Binary Math?

Electricity and binary math? l Series circuit S 1 Open Closed S 2 Open Closed Result Not Lit S 1 0 0 1 1 Series/AND 0 1 0 0 0 1 S 2 0 1 Result 0 0 0 1

Electricity and binary math? l Parallel circuit S 1 Open Closed S 2 Result Open Not Lit Closed Lit Open Lit Closed Lit S 1 0 0 1 1 Parallel/OR 0 1 0 0 1 1 S 2 0 1 Result 0 1 1 1

Binary Addition 0 + 0 = 00 0 + 1 = 01 1 + 0 = 01 1 + 1 = 10 SUM 0 1 0 00 01 10 CARRY VALUES 0 1 SUM 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 Exactly like Series/AND Almost like Parallel/OR

Stibitz 1 -Bit Model K Adder "We wouldn't have our i. Phones today, if we didn't start out with stuff like this. " - Steve Wozniak

Digital Communications Bit (binary digit) l Represents smallest unit of data in the form of either 0 or 1 Byte l String of bits, usually eight l Stores one number or character

Digital Communications

Sentence written in ASCII 0100000101010011010000110 10010010010000001 101001011100100000011 01110011011101000010 000001100111010101101 110000001110100011011 1100100000011101000111100 10111000001100101110

What is this?

What is this?

Hardware l The physical electronic components and peripherals of a computer that do the “work” of computing. l CPU, Memory (RAM), Storage, Input Devices, Output Devices

UB Desktop Computer Dell Opti. Plex 7070 • • Intel i 7 -9700 @ 3. 0 GHz 16 GB RAM 2 GB NVIDIA Ge. Force GTX 1050 1 TB PCIe NVMe SSD 3. 5 TB External Backup Drive 8 X DVD +/- RW Windows 10 Enterprise

UB Laptop Computer Dell Latitude E 7490 • • • Intel i 7 -8650 U @ 1. 90 GHz 16 GB RAM Intel UHD Graphics 620 1 TB Solid State Drive Windows 10 Enterprise

Personal Laptop Computer Microsoft Surface Book • • • Intel i 7 -6600 U @ 2. 60 GHz 16 GB RAM NVIDIA Ge. Force GPU 500 GB Solid State Drive Windows 10 Professional

Summary CPU UB Desktop i 7 -9700 @ 3. 0 GHz RAM Storage Graphics OS 16 GB 1 TB SSD Dedicated Win 10 UB Laptop i 7 -8650 U @1. 90 GHz 16 GB 1 TB SSD Integrated Win 10 Personal Laptop i 7 -6600 U @ 2. 60 GHz 16 GB 500 GB SSD Dedicated Win 10

CPU (processor) l Interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer. Controls other parts of the computer system. l Gigahertz and Multicore l Moore’s Law

Memory (Primary Storage) l Temporarily stores software program(s) being executed, data used by the programs and other instructions. l RAM - Random Access Memory ROM - Read Only Memory Volatile versus non-volatile www. crucial. com l l l

CPU and Primary Storage

What is this?

Storage Devices l Sequential versus direct access l Magnetic disk: Floppy disk, Hard disk Solid state drive Optical disks: CD-ROM, DVDs Magnetic tape: Inexpensive, older secondary-storage medium l l l

Input Devices l l l l l Keyboard and Mouse Touch Screen Image and Biometric Scanner Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Bar Code Scanner Pen Based Input Audio Input Virtual Reality

Output Devices l l l Monitor Printer Audio Output Microfilm and Microfiche Virtual Reality

Software l The electronic instructions that tell the computer hardware what to do. Software is useless without hardware and vice versa.

Software l Software program: Series of statements or instructions to the computer l l System software: Generalized programs, manages computer’s resources Application software: Programs written to perform functions specified by end users

Major Types of Software

What is an Operating System? l A set of programs that manages the operations of a computer and functions as an interface between the user, the application programs and the computer hardware. l Windows (XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10, Server) Mac OS, Android, i. OS, Linux, Unix, DOS, OS/2, MVS and more!

Role of the Operating System

Operating System Functions l Allocates and assigns system resources l Schedules use of computer resources l Monitors computer system activities l Provides locations in primary memory for data and programs l Controls the input and output devices

Linux l Operating system originally developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 l Software is freely available and open source l Contributions made by over 12, 000 developers l Used to power l New York Stock Exchange l Particle accelerator at CERN l Toyota’s Vehicle Infotainment l Nearly all of the fastest 500 supercomputers

Popular Linux Distributions l l l Ubuntu - www. ubuntu. com Linux Mint - linuxmint. com Zorin OS - zorinos. com PCLinux. OS - www. pclinuxos. com Hundreds more at distrowatch. com Can try Linux without installing it using a Linux Live. CD - www. livecdlist. com

Application Software l Software designed to perform peoplerelated tasks such as payroll, inventory, and sales analysis. l Questions when Selecting Software l l Proprietary or Common Off the Shelf (COTS) Software? Build or Buy? Open Source or Commercial?

Popular Programming Languages l Java, Javascript, C, C++, PHP, Python, C#, Visual Basic, Objective C, Perl, Ruby, Delphi

Programming Languages l Machine language: Consists of 1 s and 0 s of binary code l Assembly language: Resembles machine language, substitutes mnemonics for numeric codes l Third-generation languages: FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, and C

Programming Languages l Fourth-generation language: Employed directly by end users nonprocedural l Natural languages: Similar to human language l Query languages: Retrieve data stored in databases or files (eg SQL)

Programming Languages l Machine code 01001010 111010 001011 l Assembly language AR 5, 3 l FORTRAN READ (5, 100) ID, QUANT, PRICE TOTAL = QUANT * PRICE l COBOL MULTIPLY QUANT-SOLD BY UNITPRICE GIVING SALES-TOTAL

Language Translation Software l Translates high-level language programs into machine language (1 s and 0 s) binary executables l Compilers Interpreters l

Is newer technology better? When should you upgrade?

Quote “We should be impressed by technology, but we shouldn’t be distracted by it or fooled into thinking that technology, unto itself, is the solution to anything. ” -Lou Gerstner