Intro to GPSGIS Eric Bess Britt Arcadipane Agenda

Intro to GPS/GIS Eric Bess Britt Arcadipane

Agenda Part I: Concepts • What is GPS and How Does It Work? • What is GIS and How Does It Work? Part II: Real World Application • Corporate Workflow • Data Capture Standards • Asset Management Program October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 2

What is GPS and How Does It Work? GPS (Global Positioning System) is a process of trilateration of received signals from satellites in space. The measured time to receive a signal from a particular satellite is compared to a downloaded almanac or ephemeris which tells the satellites “known” location at any given moment. A set of readings from multiple satellites (3 minimum) then yields the ground location. October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation Time is tracked on the satellites by atomic clocks. Since the receiver will not have the most accurate time (as compared to atomic standards), readings from multiple satellites help “correct” the receiver clock 3

Trilateration October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 4

“GNSS” Systems Global Navigation Satellite System Types of Satellite “constellations” – NAVSTAR – Navigation Signal Timing And Ranging (USA) – GLONASS – Global Navigation Satellite System (Russian Federation) – Galileo –European Union (Some input from China, Saudi Arabia, and a few others). Still being deployed. – Compass/Beidou – China (Expected by 2020) – IRNSS – India. In development. October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 5

Error Correction • Error Correction is done to improve an accuracy of approx. 50’ to a range of submeter, sub-foot or sub-centimeter. • WAAS Satellites offer “real-time” correction. WAAS originated with the FAA and DOT to assist with airline flight approaches. The receiver picks up WAAS correction as it is relayed off of ground beacons relaying the correction signal to aircraft. • Post-Processing entails downloading base station files and using software to correct the rover (receiver) file using the base station’s known surveyed location as compared to the mobile rover unit’s at given reception times. The closer the base station used for reference, the better the accuracy. October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 6

Potential Errors Some of the potential sources of reception error are: • Atmospheric - where signal speed may be reduced • Multipath – where signal reflects off buildings, cliffs, etc. yielding in a longer measured signal time • Ephemeris and clock error – satellite orbit wobble between ephemeris updates (every 12. 5 minutes) • SA – Selective Availability October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 7

GPS Unit Types • Recreational (Handheld) (3 -15 meter accuracy) • Some WAAS enabled • Lower price and basic point collection • “Mapping” accuracy) • • • (Sub-Meter or Sub-Foot WAAS capable/multi-constellation More expensive Most have Post-Processing capability Use of Data Dictionaries and Feature Tables PDOP – Position Dilution of Precision October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 8

PDOP Sample October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 9

Data Dictionary • A data dictionary is a set of forms used to collect features by geometry type and their associated attribute details in a consistent standardized manner. October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | Project Name 10

GPS Considerations • What are your accuracy/cost requirements? • What information must be collected? • Situational conditions • Within RTK • Offset Needs • Where will collected data be stored? • Technical support availability • Local reliable vendors October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | Project Name 11

What Is GIS? Source: crssa. rutgers. edu October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 12

Four Aspects of GIS • Capturing Data • Hardware, storage • Analytical Component • Query, joining tables, statistics, trending, reporting • Cartographic Component • Various output formats: hard copy, web-hosted mapping • Asset Management • Enables decision making, workflow & process efficiency October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 13

Capturing Data October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 14

Storing Data October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 1 2 Vector Raster 15

Analytical Component Which parcels are within 50 feet of the road? Proximity Overlay Well type Drilled Building owner Soil type Smith Sandy Network October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 16

Cartographic Component October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 17

Asset Management • The development and execution of processes and procedures to control and protect data and optimize cost effective strategies for information management related to assets within an enterprise system. Integration of Enterprise Databases • Single-Source of Truth Concept • Preventing Data Silos • Good Data in Good Data Out Concept • Build Around Existing Data Structure • Eliminate Duplicated Effort • Establishes Data Governance and Ownership October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 18

October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 19

Part II: Real World Application Our task is to collect information pertaining to hydrant assets for further analysis. We will utilize both GPS and GIS solutions to meet our objective. October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 20

Corporate Workflow 1. Data Dictionary Creation 2. Field Data Collection 3. Post-Processing Data • • RTK PP Software 4. GIS Import and Analysis • • • October 2021 Asset Condition Reporting Percent Complete Routing Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 21

Corporate Workflow 0. 5 Have meeting with stakeholders to determine what information is needed to reach analytical goals. Build your collection around your enterprise needs long term. October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 22

Data Dictionary Creation Important attributes to track/collect: • • • Facility (point) – Hydrant ID – H 123 Hydrant Type – Fire, Flushing, Pit, Other Install Date – 4/11/2016 (standardized) Manufacturer – Mueller etc. System or District – Status – Active or Abandoned Paint Condition – Good, Fair, Poor Nut Condition – Good, Fair, Poor Comments – Miscellaneous pertinent information Photo: Provides a time/date stamp for document record associated to collected point October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 23

Field Data Collection • GPS Unit Type - Trimble Geo 7 x • Unit Calibration - Laser alignment • Supporting text • Supporting text • Methodology - Taking appropriate amount of positions - Sub-foot accuracy • Offsetting Capability • Laser Offset for tree cover/street conditions October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 24

Post-Processing Data • Windows Mobile Device Center • Data Transfer Utility • Trimble Pathfinder Office Software • Selecting Appropriate Base Stations • Close proximity • Multiple stations processing October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 25

GIS Import & Analysis • Export. cor files to. shp using TPO • Import to enterprise database • Mapping • Join to ERP system or spreadsheets to symbolize on desired criteria i. e. last inspection date, paint condition etc. • Select output format • Asset Management • Flushing analysis • Replacement/repair planning • Inspection routing October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 26

Final Thoughts Most business decisions are based upon data available at hand. High quality, reliable, spatially accurate information has a valueadded benefit for confident management decision making. Accurate location information assists with many response and recovery scenarios as well as routine O&M tasks. An asset management system is only as strong as the data behind it. October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 27

Contact Information Eric Bess eric. bess@mottmac. com Britt Arcadipane britt. arcadipane@mottmac. com October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 28

“Any enterprise CEO really ought to be able to ask a question that involves connecting data across the organization, be able to run a company effectively, and especially to be able to respond to unexpected events. Most organizations are missing this ability to connect all the data together. ” Tim Berners-Lee inventor of the WWW October 2021 Mott Mac. Donald | AWWA Presentation 29