Intro to Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy and Physiology

Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy- the science of structure and location and the relationship among the structures • Physiology- the science of body functions and metabolism STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ARE DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER

Anatomy—Levels of Study • Gross anatomy –Large structures –Easily observable • Microscopic Anatomy –Very small structures –Can only be viewed with a microscope Figure 14. 1

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Atoms Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Blood vessel (organ) Cardiovascular system Organismal level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Figure 1. 1,

Organ System Overview 1. Integumentary Forms the external body covering Protects deeper tissue from injury Helps regulate body temperature Sensory organ Synthesizes Vitamin D Figure 1. 2 a

Organ System Overview 2. Skeletal Protects and supports body organs Provides muscle attachment for movement Site of blood cell formation Stores minerals Figure 1. 2 b

Organ System Overview 3. Muscular Produces movement Maintains posture Produces heat Figure 1. 2 c

Organ System Overview 4. Nervous Fast-acting control system Responds to internal and external change Activates muscles and glands Figure 1. 2 d

Organ System Overview 5. Endocrine Secretes regulatory hormones for homeostasis • Growth • Reproduction • Metabolism Figure 1. 2 e

Organ System Overview 6. Cardiovascular Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart • Oxygen • Carbon dioxide • Nutrients • Wastes Figure 1. 2 f

Organ System Overview 7. Lymphatic Returns fluids to blood vessels Cleanses the blood Involved in immunity Figure 1. 2 g

Organ System Overview 8. Respiratory Keeps blood supplied with oxygen Removes carbon dioxide Figure 1. 2 h

Organ System Overview 9. Digestive Breaks down food Allows for nutrient absorption into blood Eliminates indigestible material Figure 1. 2 i

Organ System Overview 10. Urinary Eliminates nitrogenous wastes Maintains acid-base balance Regulates water and electrolytes Figure 1. 2 j

Organ System Overview 11. Reproductive Produces offspring Figure 1. 2 k–l