Intro Into Human Anatomy Physiology I Anatomy Physiology

Intro. Into Human Anatomy & Physiology

I. Anatomy & Physiology A. Definitions 1. Anatomy– study of structre and the relationships among structures 2. Physiology– function of the body parts

II. Organization A. Levels 1. subatomic ie. Neutrons, protons, electrons 2. Atomic ie. Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen 3. Molecules ie. Water, Sugar 4. Macromolecules ie. Protein, DNA 5. Organelles ie. mitochondria. Nucleus 6. cell – the basic structural and functional units. All vary in size and shape. ie. Muscle, blood, skin, bone 7. Tissue – groups of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function. ie. Squamous epithelium, connective tissue, muscle 8. organ – composed of two or more different tissues usually having a recognizable shape and function. ie. Skin, femur, heart, kidney 9. System - consists of related organs that have a common function ie. Integumentary, skeletal, muscle 10. Organism – ie. human

Human Organ Systems

Basic Physiological Processes • structural and functional organization of the body • homeostasis • metabolism

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: cardiovascular, skeletal, or urinary. 1. The ________ system supports the body. 2. The ________ system eliminates waste. 3. The ________ system transports oxygen.

III. Characteristics of Life – Movement, Responsiveness, Growth, Reproduction, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, and Excretion -- Taken together, these physical and chemical events that obtain, release, and use energy are a major part of metabolism -- Metabolism - The chemical reactions in cells of the body that use or release energy

Metabolism • anabolism – big molecules made from smaller molecules • catabolism – big molecule broken into smaller molecules • metabolic rate

IV. Maintenance of Life A. Requirements 1. Water ( most abundant chemical in the body) (a) reaction environment (b) transporter (c) temp. regulation 2. Food (a) nutrients 3. Oxygen (a) aids in production of energy 4. Heat (a) product of most metabolic reactions 5. Pressure (a) atmospheric, blood, etc

V. Homeostasis A. Definition 1. maintaining a stable internal environment B. How is this a system of checks and balances ? 1. receptors 2. Control Center 3. effectors

Homeostasis • Negative feedback – conditions exceeding a set limit in one direction trigger a negative reaction in the opposite direction • Positive feedback – conditions cause a reaction to accelerate

Homeostatic Imbalance • organ systems have a diminished ability to keep the body’s internal environment within the normal ranges

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Negative feedback mechanisms increase disruptive forces. 2. Homeostatic control mechanisms maintain a steady internal environment. 3. Anabolism breaks molecules down.

Body Cavities • dorsal (posterior) cavities – Cranial – spinal • ventral (anterior) cavities – thoracic – abdominopelvic – abdominal – pelvic

VI. Organization of the body A. Cavities 1. Dorsal 2. ventral 3. cranial 4. Thoracic 5. abdominal 6. abdominopelvic 7. Spinal 8. pelvic

VI. Organization of the body B. Planes

Describing the Human Body • anatomical position • planes – sagittal – frontal – transverse

The Metric System • • meter–measures length kilogram–measures mass second–measures time Kelvin–measures temperature

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: diaphragm, kilogram, or thoracic. 1. The heart is located in the ________ cavity. 2. The ________ separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. 3. The metric base unit of mass is the ________.

VII. Directional Terminology

Common Directional Terms

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The frontal plane divides the body into left and right halves. 2. Proximal means closer to the trunk. 3. Lateral means away from the midline of the body.

Early Greek and Roman Anatomists • Aristotle – wrote On the Parts of Animals • Galen – compiled numerous anatomical reports – first to assert that the brain controls muscles

Anatomists in the Renaissance • Leonardo da Vinci – The Vitruvian Man • Andreas Vesalius – De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body) • William Harvey – one of the first accurate descriptions of human physiology Reed/Shutterstock. com

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks 1. The early Greek and Roman anatomists were Aristotle and ________. 2. Leonardo da Vinci sketched _____.