Intravenous Injection PREPARED BY Dr Altayeb Abdulazeem Idress
Intravenous Injection PREPARED BY: Dr. Altayeb Abdulazeem Idress Ph. D , RN , CNS altayebabdo 9@gmail. com
Definition: It is the introduction of a drug or medication in a solution form into a vein. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 2
Purposes 1. When the given drug is irritating to the body tissue if given through other routes. 2. When quick action is desired. 3. To have the action of medicines on blood stream or blood vessels. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 3
Indications 1 - Used to sustain clients who are unable to take substances orally. 2 - Provides immediate access to the vascular system for the rapid delivery of specific solutions without the time required for gastrointestinal tract absorption. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 4
3 - Provide a vascular route for the administration of medications or blood component. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 5
General guideline for administration of medication: 1. Expel the air from the syringe before giving the injection. 2. Always dissolve the drug in large amount 3. Always observe the patient closely for the signs of adverse reactions of the medicine and have an emergency drugs beside. § 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 6
4. Do not give the medicine if the injection site shows any edema. 5. Of great importance is that the nurse must be aware not to administer the drug too quickly. 6. Elderly and pediatric patients’ veins are generally more fragile than other populations. Because of this, rapid or forceful administration of a drug can cause infiltration. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 7
q The intravenous medicine may be given by: a – Adding to IV solution bottle b- Existing IV line c- Direct IV push 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 8
Sites for intravenous injection Ventral aspect of the elbow or forearm (median cubital, basilic or cephalic ) Dorsal aspect of the hand ( basilic , cephalic or metacarpals veins ). Greater saphenous vein. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 9
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Intravenous access devices § 1 - Hypodermic needle: The simplest form of intravenous access is by passing a hollow needle through the skin directly into the vein § 2 -Peripheral cannula : This is the most common intravenous access method in both hospitals and pre-hospital services. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 13
Consists of a short catheter inserted through the skin into a peripheral vein. This is usually in the form of a cannula-over-needle device, in which a flexible plastic cannula comes mounted on a metal trocar. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 14
Once the tip of the needle and cannula are located in the vein the trocar is withdrawn and discarded and the cannula advanced inside the vein to the appropriate position and secured. Blood may be drawn at the time of insertion. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 15
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3 -Central IV lines: Central IV lines flow through a catheter with its tip within a large vein, usually the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava, or within the right atrium of the heart. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 19
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Precautions 1 - Wear gloves. 2 - Avoid vessels across joints. 3 - Take care to differentiate veins from arteries. 4 - Shave adequate area of head to permit stabilization of IV 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 21
5 - Apply tourniquet correctly. 6 - Be alert for signs of phlebitis or infiltration. 7 - Write the date, time, signature on piece tape. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 22 of
Complications 1 - Infection. 2 - Tissue damage. 3 - Phlebitis. 4 - Infiltration. 5 - Air embolism. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 23
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Supplies Tray containing : 1 - Sterile syringes. (use large syringes as necessary and needles 18 -20 gauge 1 - 2 inches length ) , cannula ( proper size 24 -16 ) 2 - Medication. 3 - MAR. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 27
4 - Alcohol swabs ( one sterile) 5 - Rubber tourniquet 6 - Adhesive plaster if needed 7 - Protective sheet 8 - Sterile syringe with 1 -3 ml normal saline (if needed). 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 28
Procedure 1 - Assessment: * Review physician order for the medication considering the six rights. * Identify the patient. * Explain the procedure to the patient. * Proper assessment of the environment ( light) * General assessment of the patient. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 29
Procedure 2. Prepare try with proper supplies 3. wash hands 4. Prepare the correct medication dose 5. Take the try to bed side 6. Identify and reassure the patient to ensure relaxation 7. Place the pt in proper position 8. Place the protective sheet under the selected site. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 30
9. Prepare adhesive plaster (to fix cannula if used). 10. Prepare the venipuncture site. Locate the vein by: Lowering the selected limb than the patients heart. Apply a tourniquet firmly about six inches above the planned venipuncture site. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 31
Ask the patient to open & close his fist, flex &extend the forearm rapidly to increase the blood supply. Lightly taping the vein with your fingers. Wear gloves. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 32
Clean the site with sprit start from the center in circular motion. Allow the area to dry for 45 seconds. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 33
11. do vein puncture: Retract the skin distally to the puncture site by placing the left thump one inch below the site. Hold the syringe with right index &thump finger at 30 degree angle with bevel up then insert the needle in to the vein from the side. Observe for the blood return in to the needle hub by pulling back the plunger. 1/4/2022 9: 54 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 34
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Release the tourniquet , if blood enter the barrel inject the medicine slowly and observe the injection site for edema ( indicate the vein is rupture or the needle is out side the vein ). Withdraw the needle quickly , put dry sterile swab over the puncture site and flex the arm , hold steady for a few minutes to stop ooze. Do not recap the needle , dispose in appropriate receptacle. 1/4/2022 9: 55 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 36
Release the tourniquet , inject the medication slowly. Fix the cannula with the plaster if used canula. N. B : use syringe 1 -3 ml normal saline or heparinized solution to flush the cannula before and after administration of the medication. 1/4/2022 9: 55 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 37
11. Keep the pt in comfort position 12. Care of equipment 13. Wash hands. 14. Documentation and reporting. 1/4/2022 9: 55 PM U. Manal Elgassim Mohamed 38
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