Intonation of enumeration and adverbials Intonation of enumeration

Intonation of enumeration and adverbials

Intonation of enumeration Enumeration in a simple sentence is represented by a number of homogeneous parts, each of them forming a separate intonation group.

• The terminal tone of the final intonation group depends on the communicative type of the sentence.

Types of Sentences In writing and speaking, there are four basic types of sentences that we use for different purposes: • declarative sentences • interrogative sentences • imperative sentences • exclamatory sentences

The final tone of non-final intonation groups may be different: a) Low / Medium level: serves for permanent purposes to show that more can be said. If the enumeration is not completed, the last intonation group is pronounced with a low / medium level; • You can have potatoes, | carrots, | cabbages.

b) Low Fall in every intonation group shows that the enumeration is considered as separate items of interest; such sentences are pronounced slowly intentionally and with longer pauses. I had to do ‘cooking, | ‘cleaning, | and ‘shopping. | |

Intonation of Adverbial Phrases. Adverbial phrases at the beginning of a simple sentence normally form a separate intonation group pronounced with the Low Rise. • In the 'middle of the room | there is a dining table. ||

In sentence final position adverbial phrases do not form an intonation group. • There is a 'thick carpet on the floor. ||

• A Low Rising nuclear tone indicates for the hearer that the utterance is not finished and there is a continuation without which the information is incomplete.

A Low Falling nuclear tone, due to its categoric and definite character adds greater semantic weight to a non-final group in comparison with the Low Rising pattern. • I 'live near the bus stop | and the metro station. || • I 'live near the bus stop | which is very con venient. ||

A Falling-Rising nuclear tone has a complex semantic effect, since it conveys two kinds of meaning at one and the same time: 1) special semantic importance or emphasis – due to the falling component of the tone, • In 'front of the house | we have a 'small garden. ||

2) semantic incompleteness and close links with the continuation – due to the rising component of the tone. It is used when the non-final group is contrasted to either what follows in the same utterance or what precedes it in the earlier context. • At the `back of the house | there’s a 'much larger garden.