Interviews Three types Structured Semistructured Unstructured Structured Interviews
- Slides: 14
Interviews
Three types? Structured Semi-structured Unstructured
Structured Interviews: • Based on a pre-coded list of questions – the ‘interview schedule’ • Interviewer asks the same questions in the same order to each participant • Does not probe beyond answers • More of a question and answer session
The General Household/Lifestyle Survey • To present a picture of households, family and people in Great Britain since 1971 • Conducted annually from a sample of people and households in Great Britain • Family life, housing, employment, health etc
Unstructured Interviews: • A ‘guided conversation’ • Follows a general list of topics to cover, but few (if any) pre-coded questions • Generally using open-ended questions to obtain in-depth answers from participants
Ann Oakley (1981) From Here To Maternity: • Studied the experience of becoming a mother in British society • Found that unstructured interviews helped her develop close relationships of trust and openness • Allowed women to speak openly and personally about motherhood
Semi-structured Interviews: • Falls in between structured and unstructured • Interview focuses on pre-set topics but often without pre-set questions • Some questions regarding social characteristics of participant may be pre-set
Which type of interview would you use to investigate the following topics? . . . 1. Domestic violence 2. Terminal illness 3. Someone’s political viewpoint 4. Level of crime in a person’s neighbourhood 5. Experiences of school 6. The general health of a particular city 7. Opinions on government policies 8. Experiences of parenting
Role Play • In pairs come up with an example of 1 interview technique (structured or unstructured) • Devise questions/interview schedule for a research topic of your choice • Role play back to the class • Guess which interview style!
Advantages of structured interviews Advantages of unstructured interviews Disadvantages of unstructured interviews
Advantages of using structured interviews. . . • Produces comparable and quantifiable data • Suitable for simple, straightforward, factual information • Less interviewer bias as more formal • As structure is the same, it gives good reliability • Less time consuming (than unstructured) so can use a larger sample = more representativeness (CAN ALSO COMPARE TO QUESTIONNAIRES)
Disadvantages of using structured interviews. . . • Respondent unable to go into depth with answers = producing less valid data • Has to choose answer from a set of responses already chosen for them by interviewer, so the researcher is imposing their choices on the participant (validity? ) • Not good for researching sensitive subjects or sensitive groups
Advantages of using unstructured interviews. . . • Useful for researching sensitive groups and sensitive subjects (Fielding 1993, Dobash & Dobash 1980) • Respondent can develop answers and direct interview to areas that interest them • If feel at ease, more likely to open up and speak truthfully • High validity • Suitable for discovering meanings, values, beliefs, attitudes and opinions that are usually difficult to express
Disadvantages of using unstructured interviews. . . • Interviewer bias • Social desirability (both of these impact on the validity of the data) • Do people tell the truth? Validity • Time consuming to conduct and analyse • This often means using a smaller sample = representativeness • Hard to replicate study = low in reliability • Hard to compare the data as it’s qualitative
- Disadvantages of unstructured interviews
- Semistructured decision
- Disadvantages of unstructured interviews
- Disadvantages of unstructured interviews
- Disadvantages of unstructured interviews
- Direct and indirect observation examples
- Angket tidak terstruktur
- Unstructured data to structured data conversion
- Structured and unstructured observation examples
- Structured and unstructured observation
- Structured and unstructured observation
- Unstructured and structured data
- Structured vs unstructured observation
- Pdw component failures
- Percy jackson cda