Interviewing Any Questions Interviewing as a Communication Interaction

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Interviewing: Any Questions? Interviewing as a Communication Interaction October 26

Interviewing: Any Questions? Interviewing as a Communication Interaction October 26

Interviewing Defined Planned, face to face encounters in which at least one of the

Interviewing Defined Planned, face to face encounters in which at least one of the participants has a specific objective in mind n Specialized, purposive, dyadic interaction that consists primarily of questions and answers n Conversation with a purpose n Formality, strategy, Q and A n

Types of Interviews Counseling interviews n Employment interviews n Exit interviews n Grievance interviews

Types of Interviews Counseling interviews n Employment interviews n Exit interviews n Grievance interviews n Performance appraisal interviews n Persuasive interviews n Group/panel interviews n Information gathering interviews n

Interview Phases Opening Phase --Establishing rapport --Determining orientation --Understanding motivation n Question-Response Phase n

Interview Phases Opening Phase --Establishing rapport --Determining orientation --Understanding motivation n Question-Response Phase n Closing Phase --Post-interview followup n

Types of Interview Questions Open/Hypothetical Open questions n Closed questions n Probing questions n

Types of Interview Questions Open/Hypothetical Open questions n Closed questions n Probing questions n Loaded questions n Leading questions n

Legal Issues and Interviews Equal Employment Opportunity Laws --more than 15 employees --more than

Legal Issues and Interviews Equal Employment Opportunity Laws --more than 15 employees --more than $50, 000 in federal contracts --engage in interstate commerce n BFOQ--Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications n

Dealing With Illegal Questions How badly do you want the job? n Ask for

Dealing With Illegal Questions How badly do you want the job? n Ask for clarification/connection to job n Side step and neutralize n Listen for the fear behind the question n Is this a gross violation? ---contact the company n

Preparing for Selection Interviews Review your own strengths and weaknesses n Practice potentially difficult

Preparing for Selection Interviews Review your own strengths and weaknesses n Practice potentially difficult questions n Research the company n Research the interviewer if possible n Anticipate requests --resumes --drug tests n

Why Interviews Fail? ? Style Problems--personal appearance, limp handshake, lack of eye contact n

Why Interviews Fail? ? Style Problems--personal appearance, limp handshake, lack of eye contact n Attitude Problems--superiority complex, not willing to start at the bottom, no sense of humor n Communication Problems--inability to express oneself, nervousness, condemned past employers, couldn’t explain problems on resume n

Interviews as Rhetorical Situations Interviews proceed from an exigence n Interviews occur within some

Interviews as Rhetorical Situations Interviews proceed from an exigence n Interviews occur within some system of constraints (the setting--legal, social, time dimensions, psychological climate, legal and ethical constraints n Interviews are geared toward a particular audience n

Interview Structures The Funnel Sequence--broad, open-ended questions narrowing to more specific n The Inverted

Interview Structures The Funnel Sequence--broad, open-ended questions narrowing to more specific n The Inverted Funnel Sequence--more inductive, specific to general n The Tunnel Sequence--similarly structured questions suggesting that the candidate follow with responses at the same level of specificity n

Political Communication

Political Communication

Political communication as a subset of communication It’s all about process n Three main

Political communication as a subset of communication It’s all about process n Three main actors—leaders, media, and the public n Involves the exchange and interpretation of messages n Broadly concerned with governance or public policy n

The Academic Study of Political Communication Can use quantitative methods (measuring effects and attitudes,

The Academic Study of Political Communication Can use quantitative methods (measuring effects and attitudes, attempts to predict outcomes) n Can use qualitative (studies of presidential rhetoric, attempts to reach understanding of individual cases) n Underlying thesis—can’t understand politics without studying communication systems and messages n

What do Poli. Comm folks study? The “Rhetorical Presidency” n Role of the media

What do Poli. Comm folks study? The “Rhetorical Presidency” n Role of the media in the political process n Genres of presidential rhetoric n Campaigns and advertising n Debates n New media and its impact on the political process n Agenda setting—we don’t tell people what to think, we tell them what to think about! n

Classics of Poli. Comm: Paul Lazarsfeld First comprehensive study of politics and media use,

Classics of Poli. Comm: Paul Lazarsfeld First comprehensive study of politics and media use, Erie NY, 1940 n Spent six months conducting interviews and tracking individuals and their attitudes n Findings n ¨ Social factors are the best predictors of voting ¨ The two-step flow theory (Interpersonal trumps mass media) ¨ Opinion leaders and their influence ¨ Overall, media effects are limited and constrained

Classics of Poli. Comm: Joseph Klapper 1960 book, The Effects of Mass Communication, student

Classics of Poli. Comm: Joseph Klapper 1960 book, The Effects of Mass Communication, student of Lazarsfeld n Research to this point did not support any significant, independent effects of media n The hypodermic needle theory is wrong, media may reinforce but not control n People use mechanisms to blunt media influence: selective exposure, selective attention, selective retention n

A Political Communication Quiz Answer true or false to the following statements: n Most

A Political Communication Quiz Answer true or false to the following statements: n Most presidents make a strong effort to keep most of their campaign promises. n General election presidential political ads spend more than half of their air time attacking

Political Communication Quiz When candidates make statements in speeches, they usually expect us to

Political Communication Quiz When candidates make statements in speeches, they usually expect us to take them at their word and so provide little supporting evidence. n Most candidates ads lie most of the time. n The quality of presidential general election campaigns has steadily worsened over the year n

Political Communication Quiz Campaign discourse in speeches and debates has become steadily more negative

Political Communication Quiz Campaign discourse in speeches and debates has become steadily more negative over the years. n Reporters pretty accurately represent the content and level of attack in their stories about candidate speeches. n Voters prefer ads that contrast the records of the candidates to ads that simply attack. n

Political Communication Quiz There isn’t much useful information in campaigns; it’s all mostly hype.

Political Communication Quiz There isn’t much useful information in campaigns; it’s all mostly hype. n Political advertising truns off voters and makes them stay away from the polls as a result. n Women know less than men about politics. n