Interview projects How did your followup interview go

Interview projects How did your follow-up interview go? ◦ How long was it? ◦ Any new things you learned? ◦ Any new/different techniques you used?

Evidence from Research and Principles from Linguistics Tell Us… More than half of the world’s population is bilingual or multilingual. Bilingualism provides some protection from cognitive diseases like Alzheimer’s. Bilingual children often outperform monolingual children in cognitive tasks and social problem solving. Children who are proficient in their heritage language often have higher selfesteem, more solid family relationships, and are less likely to drop out of high

Mythical bilingualism A realistic picture of bilingualism Language A Language B A little more realistic… Language B Language A Language B

Heritage Language (HL) A language learned by children raised in homes where the dominant language is not spoken or not exclusively spoken. ◦ In the US, the most commonly spoken heritage languages are Spanish, Mandarin, and Tagalog. Heritage speakers speak their HL to varying degrees

Examples of heritage language How and where have you heard people talking about the (un)importance of knowing your HL? Did this come up in your interviews? Or what does your interviewee (from what you already know) think about the importance of knowing your/their HL?

Evidence from Research and Principles from Linguistics Tell Us… Only fluent bilinguals truly code- switch. Spanglish is a rule-governed system that has great expressive potential and that is used by many fluent bilinguals for a complex set of reasons. Not all bilinguals (even very fluent bilinguals) can translate or interpret easily because this is a skill that has to be cultivated, and not an automatic part of bilingualism.

Code-switching Using more than one language (code) in a single interaction or utterance Myth: People who code-switch speak neither language fluently. ◦ Fact: Only fluent bilinguals truly codeswitch. Myth: People who code-switch have cognitive difficulties ◦ Fact: bilingualism provides cognitive advantages

Types of code-switching Alternation ◦ Across speaker turns Insertion ◦ Of Lang A into Lang B ◦ Of Lang B into Lang A

Chipotle bag What’s your reaction to this? What kinds of code-switching do you see here? What ideologies about code-switching and Spanglish do you see here?

Journal Do you ever code-switch? When do you code-switch? (In different contexts? When speaking to different people? ) Why do you code-switch? How is code-switching connected to your identity? What have other people told you about your code-switching? What ideologies have you heard?