Interview meetings conducted by LUT Kouvola Finland DHL

Interview meetings conducted by LUT Kouvola − − Finland: − DHL Freight (Finland) Oy − Itella Logistics Oy − Schenker Oy − Viking Line Abp − YIT rakennus Oy − Peikko Group Oy − Stora Enso Oyj (Logistics service provider) (Passenger + freight) (Client of freight transport) Estonia: − AS Schenker − Ericsson Eesti AS − AS Estonian Air − AS Lux Express Estonia − AS Balbiino − AS Onninen − Ensto Elekter AS − DHL Estonia AS (Logistics service provider) (Client of freight transport) (Passenger + freight) (Passenger transport) (Client of freight transport) (Logistics service provider)

Interview findings (FIN & EST) − Inland transportation mostly by road − Price level of road transport has decreased since 2008 − Number of passengers have decreased in road and air transport (Estonia) − Using private cars has increased its market share, and the trend is continuing − Attitude towards public transportation is poor − Local public transport companies are trying to improve their image

Interview findings (FIN & EST) − Price level of supply chain costs is the most important factor − Should be comparable with road and sea transport − ”No one want to use rail transport if it costs more” –Interviewee − Time is important factor − In Finland from 20 to 48 hours (Helsinki - Berlin) − In Estonia from 10 to 24 hours (Tallinn - Berlin) − Frequency should be at average level (1 -4 times a day at least) − Easiness is very important for some clients of freight transport − Most global companies stress the importance of good connections forward from Warsaw and Berlin − Connection between Tallinn-Warsaw-Berlin is not enough, especially on freight side − Many logistics service providers have need for good connections to South from Warsaw

Interview findings (FIN & EST) − Rail Baltica is seen mostly as positive − More positive attitude in Finland − Estonians are a little bit sceptical whether the actual investment project will ever start − Rail Baltica is not seen as threat for logistics providers and freight transport companies − Rail Baltica will be success only, if it co-operates with other transport modes and companies − Logical to extend to Helsinki and St. Petersburg − ”Is there enough volume? ” –some interviewees − IMO sulphur regulations are seen as a great threat for Finnish transportation and whole economy − Rail Baltica is seen as a great alternative for sea transport