INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE

INTER-TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

INTER-TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

INTER-TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

Coriolis effect The Coriolis FERREL’S effect is an LAW OF apparent DEFLECTION deflection of moving objects from a straight In the inertial frame of reference path when they (upper part of the picture), the are viewed black object moves in a straight from a rotating line. However, the observer (red dot) who is standing in the rotating frame of reference (lower part of reference. the picture) sees the object as following a curved path

Freely moving objects on the surface of the Earth experience a Coriolis force, and appear to veer to the right in the northern hemisphere, and to the left in the southern. Movements of air in the atmosphere and water in the ocean are notable examples of this behavior: rather than flowing directly from areas of high pressure to low pressure, as they would on a nonrotating planet, winds and currents tend to flow to the right (left) of this direction north (south) of the equator. This effect is responsible for the rotation of large cyclon

El Niño and La Niña are officially defined as sustained sea surface temperature anomalies of magnitude greater than 0. 5°C across the central tropical Pacific Ocean. When the condition is met for a period of less than five months, it is classified as El Niño or La Niña conditions; if the anomaly persists for five months or longer, it is classified as an El Niño or La Niña episode. Historically, it has occurred at irregular intervals of 2 -7 years and has usually lasted one or two years. The first signs of an El Niño are: 1. Rise in air pressure over the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, and Australia 2. Fall in air pressure over Tahiti and the rest of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean 3. Trade winds in the south Pacific weaken or head east 4. Warm air rises near Peru, causing rain in the deserts there 5. Warm water spreads from the west Pacific and the Indian Ocean to the east Pacific. It takes the rain with it, causing rainfall in normally dry areas and extensive drought in eastern areas.

El Nino Effect

Mawsynram is a village in the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya state in north-eastern India, 56 kilometers from Shillong. Reportedly the wettest place on Earth, with an annual rainfall of 11872 Cms.

Mawsynram

WINTER MONSOON

IN BAY OF BENGAL

By. BIJU P M