Interspecific Competition Chapter 6 Interspecific Competition n Individuals
- Slides: 24
Interspecific Competition Chapter 6
Interspecific Competition n Individuals of one species suffer reduction in fecundity, survivorship, or growth as a result of exploitation of resources or interference by individuals from another species
Interspecific Competition n n May exclude one another from particular habitats (no coexistence) Or may coexist (utilize slightly different habitats)
Interspecific Competition n Exploitation or interference
Exploitation - diatoms n n n OK when alone, but one disappears when together More effective exploiters exclude less effective ones Depresses resources so low other species can’t survive
Interference - barnacles One species pushes other off rock surfaces
Highly Assymetric n n Consequences not same for both species One harmed greatly, other less so or not much at all
More Effects n n Competition for one resource affects competition for other resources E. g. , plants competing for light have ability to compete for nutrients affected
Competition Models n n Lotka-Volterra model Examines changes in abundance of one species while in competition with another species
Competition Models
Competition Models 4 possible outcomes
Competition Models n n Species 1 is stronger competitor, so 1 wins Species 2 is stronger competitor, so 2 wins Both species are stronger competitors on each other than on themselves, so may exist in unstable coexistence Both species are weak competitors, so exist in stable coexistence
Coexistence n n Partitioning of resources, differentiation of realized niches Species deprived of realized niche by a competitor is driven to extinction
Competitive Exclusion Principle n n If two competing species coexist in stable environment, then they do so as a result of niche differentiation. If there is no such differentiation, one competing species will eliminate the other.
Niche Differentiation n How much niche differentiation is necessary for species to coexist?
Niche Differentiation n Interspecific competition tends to increase separation along gradient (reduce overlap) to reduce the effects of the competition
Niche Differentiation n Intraspecific competition tends to decrease separation along gradient by expanding each species’ use of the gradient
Niche Differentiation n Niche differentiation results from interaction of the effects of intra- and interspecific competition
End result? n n Environment may not be constant enough for effects of competition to reach final conclusion Environment may change before one competitor wins
Evidence for interspecific comp. n n n Laboratory experiments Controlled conditions Simple environment, unlike natural
Evidence for interspecific comp. n n n Manipulative field experiments Reduce density of one, see how other responds Best for sessile organisms
Evidence for interspecific comp. n n Natural experiments Competitive release expansion of niche in absence of competitor compared to size in presence of competitor
Evidence for interspecific comp. n n Natural experiments Character displacement morphological difference between allopatric (species alone) and sympatric (species together) populations
- Interspecific competition
- Paramecium growth
- Interspecific competition relationship
- Parasitism
- Interspecific competition
- Interspecific competition
- Interspecific competition
- Parasitism pictures
- Perfect competition vs monopolistic competition
- Perfect competition vs monopolistic competition
- Market structure venn diagram
- Perfect competition vs monopolistic competition
- Unit 12 additional needs
- Photo/drawing of individuals/groups/institutions
- Risk management for enterprises and individuals
- Individuals don't evolve populations do
- What is the number of individuals per unit area
- Individuals: an essay in descriptive metaphysics
- Older individuals who are blind program
- Individuals with exceptionalities
- Identity diffused individuals
- Idea 97
- Enabling individuals to overcome challenges
- Johannes volkelt empathy theory
- Turning individuals into team players