Interpersonal Communication Session 05 PERCEPTION IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

STAGES OF PERCEPTION • Interpersonal perception is a continuous series of processes into one

Stage Two: Organization • At the second stage, we organize the information our senses

Organization by Schemata • Creating schemata, mental templates or structures that help we organize

Stage Three: Interpretation. Evaluation • The interpretation-evaluation step is inevitably subjective and is greatly

Stage Five: Recall • Recall means at the some late date we may want

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Interpersonal Communication, Session 05 PERCEPTION IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION • Five Stages of Perception Interpersonal Communication, Session 05, prepared by Z. Hidayat, 1 MM, M. Si.

STAGES OF PERCEPTION • Interpersonal perception is a continuous series of processes into one another. Interpersonal perception separates into five stages: 1) You sense, you pick up some kind of stimulation; 2) you organize the stimuli in some way; 3) you interpret and evaluate what you perceive; 4) you store it in memory; and 5) you retrieve it when needed. Stage One: Stimulation • At this first stage, your sense organs are stimulated—hear, see, smell, taste, feel, etc. • Naturally, we don’t perceive everything; rather we engage in selective perception, a general term that includes selective attention and selective exposure. Interpersonal Communication, Session 05, prepared by Z. Hidayat, MM, M. Si.

Stage Two: Organization • At the second stage, we organize the information our senses pick up. Three interesting ways in which people organize their perceptions are by rules, by schemata, and by scripts. Organization by Rules • One frequently used rule of perception is that of proximity or physical closeness: Things that are physically close together constitute a unit. • Using this rule, we would perceive people who are often together, or messages spoken one immediately after the other, as units, as belonging together. • Temporal rule: the signals sent at about the same time are related and constitute a unified whole. • Similarity: the people who work at the same jobs, who are the same religion, who live in the same cluster. • Contrast is the opposite of similarity, when items are very different from each other, and don’t belong together. Interpersonal Communication, Session 05, prepared by Z. Hidayat, MM, M. Si.

Organization by Schemata • Creating schemata, mental templates or structures that help we organize the millions of items of information we come into contact with every day as well as we already have in memory. • Schemata is the plural of schema. Schemata may thus viewed as general ideas about qualities, abilities, and even liabilities; or about social roles (such as the character of a police officer, professor, or advocate, etc. Organization by Scripts • A script is an organized body of information about some action, event, or procedure. It’s a general idea of how some event should play out or unfold, it’s the rules governing events and their sequence. • Example: you probably have a script for eating in a restaurant, with the actions organized into a pattern something like this: enter, take a seat, review the menu, order form the menu, eat the food, ask for the bill, leave a tip, pay the bill, and exit the restaurant. . Interpersonal Communication, Session 05, prepared by Z. Hidayat, MM, M. Si.

Stage Three: Interpretation. Evaluation • The interpretation-evaluation step is inevitably subjective and is greatly influenced by our experiences, needs, wants, values, beliefs about the way things are or should be, expectation, physical and emotional state, and so on. • Out interpretation-evaluation will be influenced by our rules, schemata, and scripts as well as by gender. Stage Four: Memory • Our perception and interpretationevaluation are put into memory; they are stored so that we may ultimately retrieve them at some later time. Interpersonal Communication, Session 05, prepared by Z. Hidayat, MM, M. Si.

Stage Five: Recall • Recall means at the some late date we may want to access the information that have stored in our memory. • When we want to retrieve this information, we may recall it with a variety of inaccuracies: • The information is consistent with your schema; in fact, you may not even be recalling the specific information. • When we fail to recall information that is inconsistent with your schema; you have no place to put information, so you easily lose it or forget it. • We may recall information that drastically contradicts our schema, because it forces we ti think (and perhaps rethink) about our schema and its accuracy. Interpersonal Communication, Session 05, prepared by Z. Hidayat, MM, M. Si.