Interoperability Critical Connections at Critical Times RABC PSSC
Interoperability: Critical Connections at Critical Times RABC PSSC Meeting October 10, 2002 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Interoperability Agenda • Need is Greater Than Ever • Definitions – Levels of Interoperability • Enablers – Standards – Spectrum – Planning – Practice Spectrum Standards Interoperability Planning MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Practice
Disasters Drive Interoperability Planning • Washington DC – Crash of Air Florida Flight 90 into Bridge and Potomac River • Orange County, CA – Laguna and Anaheim Fires • Ontario-Quebec Ice Storm – 1998 widespread damage and extensive power outages in Western Quebec and Eastern Ontario • September 11 th attacks were “experienced” internationally – Interoperability is getting more attention than ever MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Importance of Interoperability Ensure Public Safety & Disaster Management Pentagon, Sept. 11, 2001 • Arlington County, VA • City of Alexandria, VA • Fairfax County, VA • Washington DC Fire & EMA • Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority “The on scene communications were flawless. ” System Manager, Fairfax County, VA Result: Seamless, immediate interagency communications with equipment from multiple suppliers MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Interoperability is More Critical than Ever, but What is it? • Many definitions of interoperability – PSWN identifies three: • Day-to-Day • Mutual Aid • Taskforce • It IS communicating with – Whom you need to – Where you need to – When you need to • It is NOT: communicating with – Everyone – Everywhere – All the time MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Levels of Interoperability MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Interoperability Techniques Method Standards-Based Shared Systems System-Specific Roaming Gateway (Console Patch) Mutual Aid Channels Talkaround Fit Best Long-Term Solution Full-featured, Wide Area Short-Term System Modification Easily deployed Elementary Solutions Swap Radios MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Time-consuming
Interoperability Techniques Method Standards-Based Shared Systems System-Specific Roaming Gateway (Console Patch) Mutual Aid Channels Talkaround Fit Best Long-Term Solution Full-featured, Wide Area Short-Term System Modification Easily deployed Elementary Solutions Swap Radios MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Time-consuming
Level 1: Swap Radios • Emergency responders from different agencies physically exchange radios from their networks upon arrival at scene. • Advantage: – Low cost/Simple to setup – Works across frequency bands • Disadvantages: – Communications logjam results with key persons acting as filter/relays for communications between agencies • Impractical for large scale events – Delay with setup while swap is transacted – Limited range – If talkaround is not an option, requires multiple, overlapping systems – Advanced features not understood by “Guest” users MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Interoperability Techniques Method Standards-Based Shared Systems System-Specific Roaming Gateway (Console Patch) Mutual Aid Channels Talkaround Fit Best Long-Term Solution Full-featured, Wide Area Short-Term System Modification Easily deployed Elementary Solutions Swap Radios MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Time-consuming
Level 2: Talkaround • Multiple radios talk directly to each other in simplex conventional mode using compatible subscribers (no infrastructure link). • Advantage: – Low cost to setup – Simple to initiate calls • Disadvantage: – Very limited range – No advanced features available users – Requires compatible interfaces – Requires same frequency band for subscribers MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. to
Interoperability Techniques Method Standards-Based Shared Systems System-Specific Roaming Gateway (Console Patch) Mutual Aid Channels Talkaround Fit Best Long-Term Solution Full-featured, Wide Area Short-Term System Modification Easily deployed Elementary Solutions Swap Radios MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Time-consuming
Level 3: Mutual Aid Repeater System Repeater Base Subscriber Transmit Frequency Receive Frequency A B B A MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Level 3: Mutual Aid Channels • Multiple radios talk directly to each other using dedicated, common channels (usually VHF or 821 MHz) in conventional mode. • Advantage: – Extended range beyond Level 1 because infrastructure is used – Low cost to setup – De Facto standard – Setting it up forces some planning by regional agencies • Disadvantage: – Requires compatible interfaces – Requires trunked and conventional modes in subscriber – No advanced features available to users, audio only – Requires 821 MHz frequency band in all subscribers MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Interoperability Techniques Method Standards-Based Shared Systems System-Specific Roaming Gateway (Console Patch) Mutual Aid Channels Talkaround Fit Best Long-Term Solution Full-featured, Wide Area Short-Term System Modification Easily deployed Elementary Solutions Swap Radios MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Time-consuming
Level 4: Gateway -- Console Patch • Hardware component that sits between two networks • Variable connection usually by audio only links • Requires operator intervention per incident 450 MHz System Audio Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Level 4: Gateway does not provide interoperability here Gateway provides interoperability here 800 MHz System A 800 MHz System B Audio, ID, Emergency PTT, etc. Audio Only Gateway Interface Box Requires Overlapping Coverage MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Level 4: Gateway (Console Patch) • Radios talk via link established by dispatcher, unmanned interface box, or mobile apparatus • Advantage: – Moderate cost to setup – Links different system types or frequency ranges • Disadvantage: – Connected systems must have complementary/overlapping coverage – Console patch is unavailable if control center is not operating – Advanced calling features unavailable to users: dispatch audio only – Reduced channel capacity – what were two independent channel resources are now one talkpath – System management ends at gateway boundary – Not for ad hoc use: pre-planning required on each system for channel crowding procedures and setup MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Interoperability Techniques Method Standards-Based Shared Systems System-Specific Roaming Gateway (Console Patch) Mutual Aid Channels Talkaround Fit Best Long-Term Solution Full-featured, Wide Area Short-Term System Modification Easily deployed Elementary Solutions Swap Radios MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Time-consuming
Level 5: System Specific Roaming 800 MHz Site Zone Controller 800 MHz Site MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Zone Controller
Level 5: System Specific Roaming • Radios talk to each other via infrastructure or talkaround using infrastructure from same manufacturer • Advantage: – Covers large areas seamlessly – Users can contact agencies across entire coverage area – Can handle larger numbers of users – No console intervention required – All advanced features are available to users • Disadvantage: – Additional planning and software required on each system – Additional expense of possible limited use controller if systems aren’t adjacent MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Interoperability Techniques Method Standards-Based Shared Systems System-Specific Roaming Gateway (Console Patch) Mutual Aid Channels Talkaround Fit Best Long-Term Solution Full-featured, Wide Area Short-Term System Modification Easily deployed Elementary Solutions Swap Radios MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Time-consuming
Level 6: Standards-Based Shared Systems A B A Vendor A 800 MHz P 25 Site Vendor B 800 MHz P 25 Site Zone Controller MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Level 6: Standards-Based Shared Systems • All radios built to a standard, talk to each other via infrastructure or talkaround (P 25) • Advantage: – Interoperability at the turn of a dial – Links different vendor systems and frequency ranges – “Out of the box” interoperability, simple to set up infrastructure – Next generation equipment is backwards compatible – No console intervention required – All advanced features are available to users • Disadvantage: – Requires equipment to be built to same standard, usually via new/upgraded system purchase – Not all vendors build to standard. Interoperability holes are still possible MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Interop Level 6 5 4 3 2 1 Process Standards. Based Shared Systems System. Specific Roaming Gateway (Console Patch) Mutual Aid Channels Talkaround Swap Radios Benefit Issues • Required Std. Exists (P 25) • No setup time • Full system features available • Event scale is immaterial • Subscriber operation unchanged • User can stay in touch with home system • Connects multiple types of systems • No setup time • Full system features available • Full system range • Funding for new system • Region must be operating w/std. • Minimal preparation--“out of the box” interoperability • Many—not all—vendors building to standard • Work required to satisfy multiple agency needs—local control • Requires plan/setup & adv. Knowledge of respondents • Depending upon configuration, controller could be costly component with infrequent use • Console/field intervention or other • Connects disparate efforts needed to set up on the fly systems/bands • Patched systems must have • Can be cost efficient complementary coverage • Moderate (1 -2 site) range • No advanced features, audio only • Multiple systems required • Limits channel resources • Moderate (1 site) range • Users can’t leave home system • Defacto standard—commonly • Plan/radio programming req’d used • No advanced system features • Cost efficient • Radio removed from home system • Limited range, needs infrastructure • Frequency dependent • Requires conv. & trunking in radio • Simple to implement • Limited range • Point-to-point • Frequency independent • Direct communication • Requires compatible systems • Cost efficient • Product cross-training required • Simple to implement • Slow to setup physical exchange • No administration necessary • Limited range • W/O talk-around, multiple systems are required MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Best Applications • Small to massive scale events • Urban to rural locations • Any band/bands • Small to large scale events • Cross band • Limited response areas • Small to moderate scale events (2 -4 agencies) • Preplanned events (Concert, sports, etc. ) • Small to moderate scale events (2 -4 agencies) • Unplanned events (Channel plan required in advance) • Works for urban/rural • Small events (2 -3 agencies) • Tactical Coordination • Emergencies only • Small events (2 -3 agencies) • Preplanned events with key players coordinating (Concert, sports, etc. )
Critical Interoperability Enablers Standards Spectrum Interoperability Planning Practice MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Project 25 Key Requirements • Interoperability • Compatibility with Existing Equipment • Gradual "Migration-In-Place" Using Existing Spectrum • Range Equal to Current Analog Systems • Integrated Voice and Data Services MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
P 25 is the Most Flexible Global Standard • One Standard, With Numerous Applications – Conventional topologies – Trunked topologies – Scalability • One channel at one site • Many channels at many sites • Monocast, Multicast, and Simulcast • Talk around, repeater, and voting applications – Frequency band independent • Available in VHF, UHF, 800 MHz – Standardized overlay sub-systems • Telephone interconnect • Mobile data support • Voice and data encryption MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Backward Compatibility • Project 25 radios communicate in analog mode to analog radios, and either digital or analog mode with Project 25 radios. Project 25 Radio Analog Mode Digital Mode Analog Radio Project 25 Radio MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. Digital Project 25 Radio
Project 25 Interoperability Endorsements • • International Association of Chiefs of Police Association of Public Safety Communications Officials National Sheriffs Association National Association of State Telecommunications Directors Telecommunications Industry Association American National Standards Institute U. S. Federal Standard Recommendations American Association of Railroads MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
P 25 Becoming a National Requirement January 2001 FCC Adopts P 25 for 700 MHz Interoperability August 2001 DOD P 25 Mandate MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
P 25 System Vision 700/806/825 MHz Trunked Site Phase II Site System Management UHF Trunked Site Zone Comm. Servers Wideband Site P 25 Network VHF Trunked Site Packet Gate Internet or PDN IP Gate PSTN / PBX Data Services IP Services MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Data Interoperability Considerations, An Executive Overview MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Presentation Outline • Why Data Interoperability? • Issues Above and Beyond Voice Interoperability • Levels of Interoperability Overview • Levels of Interoperability Drill-Down • Summary MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Why Data Interoperability? • Critical Need Response Capability – After voice communication is established at an event site, data communication becomes the concern – HAZMAT information resides on one agency’s database, not readily available to other agencies • Enabling Wireless Access to Wired Data – Leverage the substantial (and growing) wired data world – Leverage the substantial (and growing) wireless public network • Process Improvement – Commercial industry lessons learned – Align critical objectives of various agencies – Increase and improvement of “core” knowledge growth and utilization • Complexity and Expense Sharing – With the implementation of the most advance gateway concepts, infrastructure sharing becomes possible – The result is reduced cost of ownership, management, and maintenance MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Issues Above and Beyond Voice Interoperability • Voice interoperability must consider multiple system types and characteristics with a single application (voice). • Data interoperability must consider multiple system types and characteristics as well as multiple data applications and formats. Voice System 1 Translation Data System 1 HAZMAT Database – “Caustic” Translation Voice System 2 Email - Lotus Email - Outlook Data System 2 HAZMAT Database – “CSTC” MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Solutions to the Data Interoperability Issue • Level 1 – Share Devices – – – • Level 2 – Deployable/Transportable – – • Targets collaborative process improvement, not just interoperability Any scale, any data, any time Level 4 – Shared Solution – – • Quick development (customizable COTS), but preplanning required Dissimilar systems can be connected, but a common application must be used Level 3 b – Information Gateway (Integration Framework) – – • Cost efficient, quick to implement No advanced capability Level 3 a – Network Gateway (Routers, Link-layer translation, etc. ) – – • Simple, effective, inexpensive Training issues Short-term (event driven) only, no long-term or increased benefit Smaller agencies with burgeoning capabilities can easily combine resources for a mutually beneficial solution May require coordinating existing data capabilities with the new, shared system Level 5 – Standards Based – – Potential large variety of solutions/products yields lower cost/risk solutions Some standards exist, but others may be years out (ex. 700 MHz) MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
How Do I Compare Solutions? • • Solutions to data interoperability issues vary widely in functionality, cost, and implementation risk. In general, greater functionality means greater cost (but not necessarily greater implementation risk). Information Gateways Deployable Standards Based Increasing Functionality Share Devices Network Gateways Shared Solutions MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Share Devices and Deployable/Transportable • Similar in concept to basic voice interoperability, these two methods provide a quick and easy solution. Level 1 - Share Data Devices Agency A Headquarters Level 2 - Deployable/Transportable Agency B Headquarters Agency A Headquarters Agency B Headquarters Deployable Infrastructure Agency A Infrastructure Agency B Infrastructure User A User B PDA User A X Agency B Infrastructure User B PDA PDA Event Location or Interoperability Space Agency A Infrastructure PDA Event Location or Interoperability Space MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001. X PDA
Network Gateways – Routers, Link-layer Translation • • Level 3 a - Network Gateway – Dissimilar systems, common applications and formats. Examples include offerings from Cisco, Padcom, Orbital Sciences, Avel. Tech, and Radio. IP. Typically, the transport layer is targeted in the solution. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the defacto standard. Radio Or Other Device PDA 802. 11 WLAN Gateway solution may be a combination of hardware and software, both client and server Protocol Conversion WLAN App. Server Hosting “Chat” Function Gateway Server CAI Network Protocol Conversion CAI Network App. Server Hosting “Chat” Function MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Shared Solutions and Standards-Based • Level 4 – Shared Solutions – Requires coordinated purchasing amongst the agencies seeking interoperability – Eliminates interoperability concerns by starting with an infrastructure that is common – A concept well-proven in voice interoperability solutions • Level 5 – Standards-Based – – Also requires coordinating purchasing amongst the agencies seeking interoperability May involve Regional plans across multiple agencies Political, logistical, and financial considerations Implementation may depend on outside entity performance • Standards bodies • Vender community MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Levels of Interoperability MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
In Summary • Solutions to data interoperability issues vary widely. • The choice of solution (or solutions) depends on required functionality, budget, and timeframe. Ranges from Cells-on-Wheels To Suitcase “Fly-Away” Packages Currently Exists at Some Levels, In Process at Others Targets Process Improvements: Motorola’s Integration Framework Deployable Standards Based Information Gateways Increasing Functionality Share Devices “Host Agency” Supplies Devices, System Network Gateways Primarily Link-Layer: From Cisco to Padcom Shared Solutions New System Procurements MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
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