Internet Technology Networking With TCPIP Modern Networking Packet

Internet Technology Networking With TCP/IP

Modern Networking • Packet switched • Open standards

ARPANET 1969

ISP Relationships • Peering – ISPs agree to exchange packets with each other for free • Transit – One ISP accepts packets from another for a fee

Major Internet Backbone MAPs Sorted by Market Share 27. 9% - UUNET/World. Com 10. 0% - AT&T 6. 5% - Sprint 6. 3% - Genuity 4. 1% - PSINet 3. 5% - Cable & Wireless 2. 8% - XO Communications 2. 6% - Verio 1. 5% - Qwest 1. 3% - Global Crossing From Russ Haynal's ISP Page

• IP header contains information to route packet through the Internet • Source ip address • Destination ip address • Time to live • other

• IP Addressing – An IP address is 32 bits in size – Every IP address is grouped into four 8 -bit octets – Octets are separated by decimal points – Valid octet numbers range from 0 to 254 and represent a binary address

• IP Addressing (cont. ) – Each address consists of two parts: network id and host id – The network portion of an address indicates whether the device belongs to a Class A, B, C, D, or E network – Some octet number are reserved for special functions • Dotted decimal notation – “Shorthand” convention used to represent IP addresses and make them more easily readable by people