INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS AND SUBNET MASK 2012514503 KAAN

INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS AND SUBNET MASK 2012514503 KAAN EREN

WHAT IS THE IP (Internet Protocol) ? • Each systems which communicate on the network use IP address • Each of these IP addresses are different from each other. • Domain Name Server (DNS) holds the information which domain name corresponds to the which IP address. 192. 168. 10. 1 192. 168. 10. 2 192. 168. 10. 3

THE CONCEPT OF IP ADDRESS • (IPv 4 -Internet Protocol Version 4 ): Today, the type of IP addressing is used. • This IP address is a 32 -bit addressing information that describe a computer address. • a. b. c. d. 4 parts, each in the form of 8 -bit (octet). • Each octet is a value between 0 -255. • For example, 192. 175. 32. 4 is an IP address. Each octet are separated with a point each other. It can be manufactured with more than 4 billion(232) addresses Ipv 4 addressing. • IP addresses is written in binary but it is converted decimal because of easy to read and write

THE CONCEPT OF IP ADDRESS • FOR EXAMPLE: • IP address : IP address: BINARY ADDRESS: 192. 168. 10. 1 192 168 10 1 11000000 1010100 00001010 00000001 • IP addresses are 32 -bit and 4 piece was formed from the merger of the 8 -bit parts.

THE CONCEPT OF IP ADDRESS • Each computer has its own IP number in a network environment, whether or not. • This can set the IP numbers manually or can be assigned automatically by computer. • IP addresses have 2 parts : v. Network number (Net ID) : Indicates where the computer network is. v. Computer number (Host ID): values that provide the computer from each other on the network.

PRIVATE IP ADDRESSES • Some addresses are reserved for specific purposes. This is called private addresses. § THE NETWORK ADDRESS : Is used to identify the network itself. All of the user bit which is 0 address is reserved specifically for network addresses. (For example; for class B 172. 10. 0. 0) Network addresses are never given to a user. § BROADCAST ADDRESS: All devices on the network at the same time, to send data its is required broadcast address.

IP ADDRESS CLASSES • In order to facilitate the distribution of IP addresses used on the internet is divided into 5 sub-class. • IP class will be used on a network is directly related to the size of the network.

CLASS A IP ADDRESSES • • • This has been designed for large networks that includes many users. Class A IP addresses only use first octet(first 8 bit) to define the network. First bit is always zero. If all the remaining 7 bits 0 0000 = 0 If all the remaining 7 bits 1 01111= 127 But 0. 0 used for default routing, 127. 0. 0. 0 address for local online. These are private adress and can not be used. • If the first octet is between 1 -126, computer belongs to class A. • Therefore, Class A IP addresses can use network number is 126. • EXAMPLE: 49. 19. 22. 156

CLASS A IP ADDRESSES CLASS NETWORK NUMBER HOST NUMBER INTERVAL DEFAULT SUBNET MASK A 126 16. 777, 214 1 -126 255. 0. 0. 0

CLASS B IP ADDRESSES • Class B IP addresses, the first 2 octets used to identify the network, while the other 2 octet is to address users. • The first 2 bits are always 10. • Class B IP addresses are the smallest number 10000000(128), the largest number 10111111(191) • Class B addresses, preferred by more medium-sized ISP companies. • EXAMPLE: 160. 75. 10. 110 ISP: Internet service provider)

CLASS C IP ADDRESSES § Class C addresses are usually set at a local university campus networks, used in small government entities. § Class C IP address is used to identify the first 3 octets of the network, while the last octet is to address users. § The first 3 bits are always 110. § Class C IP addresses are the smallest number 11000000 (192), the largest number 11011111 (223). Therefore all this addresses is class C addresses which beginning with the number between 192 -223. • EXAMPLE: 192. 168. 105

CLASS B IP ADDRESSES Class NETWORK NUMBER HOST NUMBER INTERVAL B 16384 65, 534 128 -191 DEFAULT SUBNET MASK 255. 0. 0

CLASS C IP ADDRESSES CLASS NETWORK NUMBER HOST NUMBER INTERVAL C 2, 097, 152 254 192 -223 DEFAULT SUBNET MASK 255. 0

CLASS D IP ADDRESSES § Class D IP adresses used to multicast (a group of send data to the device) § The first four bits are 1110. § addresses beginning with the number 224 to 239 range are class D addresses.

CLASS E IP ADDRESSES § § Class E addresses are not used on the Internet. They are reserved for future use scientific studies with keep it private The first 4 bits are 1111. İts range between 240 and 255

IPv 6 • Internet protocol version 6 (IPv 6) • management of IP addresses that are maintained by IANA. • In today's world, IPv 4 addresses are insufficient because the internet users increases day by day. IPv 6 was developed to solve this problem. • This new generation internet protocol was developed for addressing and comminication of the devices that connect to the internet. • IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

Why do we need to IPv 6? • IPv 4 have 32 bit structure 2 32 = 4. 294. 967. 296 • IPv 6 have 128 bit structure the first 64 bit used for subnet mask also contains address block information. • Address block, you will have a package is to provide routing on the way to the final links. • The remaining 64 bits are used to determine the package when the last receiver has this link. • IPv 6 addresses is expressed as follows: 2045: ab 28: : 6 cef : 85 a 1: 331 e: a 66 f: cdd 1

SUBNET MASK • • Subnet mask is used to find out which network a computer's For class C IP addresses; From left to right is checked The first 3 octets shows network, last octet represent the host network • Example: 192. 168. 1. 44 and 192. 168. 1. 66

SUBNET MASK IP ADDRESS: 192. 168. 1. 44 SUBNET MASK: 255. 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 IP ADDRESS: 192. 168. 1. 0

SUBNET MASK IP ADDRESS: 192. 168. 1. 66 SUBNET MASK: 255. 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 IP ADDRESS: 192. 168. 1. 0

SUBNET MASK • EXAMPLE; • IP Address: 12. 22. 128. 34 • will be divided into 8 subnet. a. Subnet address b. This subnet broadcast address c. The first assignable IP address d. The last assignable IP address

SUBNET MASK THANK YOU FOR LISTENING ANY QUESTION?

REFERENCES • http: //www. cemaltaner. com. tr/2011/06/16/ip-adresleri-ve-alt-ag -olusturma/ • http: //bidb. itu. edu. tr/seyirdefteri/blog/2013/09/07/alta%C 4%9 Flara-b%C 3%B 6 lme-%28 subnetting%29 • https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Subnetwork • https: //support. microsoft. com/en-us/kb/164015