Internet Multimedia content delivery in the Internet Multimedia

Πολυμεσικό Υλικό στο Internet: Συγχρονισμός, Επεξεργασία και Διακίνηση Multimedia content delivery in the Internet: Multimedia platforms & video service providers, MOOCs – Coursera & ed. X cases 10/12/2015 Β. Μάγκλαρης <maglaris@netmode. ntua. gr> Μ. Γραμματικού <mary@netmode. ntua. gr> Δ. Καλογεράς <dkalo@noc. ntua. gr> www. netmode. ntua. gr

Outline • • Massive Open On-Line Courses – MOOCs Brief History of MOOCs Types of MOOCs Major players in MOOCs players in Europe Platforms for creating Courses Coursera & ed. X Cases

Massive Open On-Line Courses (MOOCs) http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course • MOOC is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web • Not only traditional course materials such as videos, readings, and problem sets, MOOCs provide interactive user forums that help build a community for students, professors, and teaching assistants • MOOCs are a recent development in distance education which began to emerge in 2012

Why offer a MOOC http: //www. slideshare. net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs

History of MOOCs (I) • A MOOC is an open education movement and is found online • It influences connectivism where learning is successful and networks are created in different fields • 2002: MIT Open. Course. Ware project formed • 2004: The term Connectivism was developed by George Siemens (University of Texas at Arlington) and Stephen Downes (Canada's National Research Council) • 2008: The first MOOC was presented at the University of Manitoba, Canada and it consisted of 2200 learners • 2008: Khan Academy starts up (actually at 2006) • 2010: Dave Cormier (University of Prince Edward Island) made video about MOOCs and uploaded onto You. Tube • 2012: Harvard’s first MOOC has 370, 000 students, New York Times calls 2012 the year of the MOOC • 2013: c. MOOCs and x. MOOCs too numerous to count

Stephen Downes’ MOOC Model http: //www. slideshare. net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs • Four elements for a successful MOOC: – Autonomy – students decide how much to participate – Diversity – students come from all backgrounds, different countries, different experiences – Openness – MOOCs should be free or with low cost – Interactivity – Chats, video meetings… • In his new book: Learning is the creation and removal of connections between the entities, or the adjustment of the strengths of those connections. A learning theory is, literally, a theory describing how these connections are created or adjusted

The different types of MOOCs (I) http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course#Connectivist_design • There are different types of MOOCs: – The c. MOOC (connectivist MOOC): • the first MOOC ever offered was a c. MOOC • The term describes a MOOC where people learn through social networks e. g. blogs with a focus on knowledge creation instead of acquisition • c. MOOCs are used by the individual, academics and non profit organizations • the c. MOOC is based on a connectivist learning theory • the c. MOOC is an informal learning environment

The different types of MOOCs (II) • The x. MOOC: – x. MOOCs are used by the Universities – x. MOOCs use a behaviourist approach – the x. MOOC is a more formal learning environment, it focus purely on knowledge acquisition – Ed. X can be characterized as x. MOOC – MIT announced MITx at the end of 2011, MITx is morphed into Ed. X with the addition of Harvard and UC Berkley (Ed. X 2012)

Synchronous Massive Online Course - s. MOOCs http: //www. slideshare. net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs • This term was coined at University of Texas in August 2013 • A course that features live, synchronous broadcasts to students • Coursera MOOCs could be characterized as a standard MOOCs or an s. MOOC

Platforms for creating Courses (Modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment - Moodle) (I) https: //moodle. org/ http: //webvm. netmode. ntua. gr/courses • Moodle is a free online learning management system, or LMS • Written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License • Moodle runs without modification on Unix, Linux, Free. BSD, Windows, Mac OS X and any other systems that support PHP and a database, including webhost providers • Moodle allows for extending and tailoring learning environments using community sourced plugins

Platforms for creating Courses (Open ed. X) (II) http: //code. edx. org/ • Open ed. X is a not-for-profit enterprise • Founded 2012 • Open ed. X – is implemented mostly in Python for the server, and Javascript for the browser – the code is being made available under an AGPL license – the main repository is edx-platform which includes both the LMS and the authoring tool, Studio • Open ed. X is already receiving code contributions from around the world (e. g. Stanford University, Google, MIT, The University of Queensland, Tsinghua University, UC Berkeley, and Harvard University)

ed. X Platform Stack • Almost all of the server-side code in Open ed. X is in Python, with Django as the web application framework, using Mako templates (written in Python) • The browser-side code is written primarily in Java. Script. Some of the code is written in Coffee. Script, and ed. X is working to replace that code with Java. Script. Parts of the client-side code use the Backbone. js framework (available under the MIT software license), and ed. X is moving more of the codebase to use that framework • Open Ed. X uses Sass and the Bourbon framework for CSS code

• • • Platforms for creating Courses (III) Course. Sites by Blackboard is an exceptionally robust platform – it has all of the features that Moodle has – including extensive teaching tools – reporting features and SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) compliance – it is also cloud-based – you can set up a course in minutes and never have to worry about maintenance or upgrades Udemy is a platform or marketplace for online learning and is specialized in the private MOOC – think of it as the You. Tube of MOOCs – instructors can build and host their own courses on the platform and then offer them to users for free or for a fee Versal is a new platform, create interactive e-learning courses for your LMS – intuitive user interface and a robust drag-and-drop functionality – a user can sign up for free and then build a course that includes mathematical expressions, image drill-downs and many more widgets, all without any coding knowledge

Platforms for creating Courses (IV) http: //bit. ly/1 gin. XMb

Major Players in the MOOC Universe http: //chronicle. com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/

Major Players in the MOOC Universe http: //chronicle. com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/ • Coursera: This for-profit MOOC founded by Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller (Chief Scientist at Baidu Research in Silicon Valley) has teamed up with 62 colleges (and counting) for its classes. It attracted $22 -million in venture capital in its first year • Khan Academy: Salman Khan (American teacher) made waves when he quit his job as a hedge-fund analyst to record short video lectures on everything from embryonic stem cells to—you guessed it—hedge funds and venture capital • Udacity: This for-profit MOOC, started by the Stanford professor Sebastian Thrun, works with individual professors to offer courses. By March 2013, Udacity had raised more than $21 -million in venture capital. Udacity provides with Nanodegrees to learners • Ed. X: Harvard and MIT put up the original $60 -million to start this non-profit MOOC

Overview of potential revenue sources for three MOOC providers ed. X • Certification Coursera UDACITY • Certification • Secure assessments • Employee recruitment • Applicant screening • Human tutoring or assignment marking • Enterprises pay to run their own training courses • Sponsorships • Tuition fees • Certification • Employers paying to recruit talented students • Students résumés and job match services • Sponsored high-tech skills courses "Charging for content would be a tragedy, " said Andrew Ng. But "premium" services such as certification or placement would be charged a fee

Visual Representation of a MOOC http: //www. slideshare. net/krisbeukes/moocs-introduction

MOOCs Players in Europe http: //www. openuped. eu/, https: //iversity. org http: //openeducationeuropa. eu/ • Openup. Ed is an open, it was launched in April 2013 by European Association of Distance Teaching Universities (EADTU), non-profit partnership offering MOOCs that contribute to open up education • iversity. org is a platform for Massive Open Online Courses that contribute to open education • Open Education Europa is a portal based on an initiative of the European Commission to offer access to all existing European Open Educational Resources

Openup. Ed • 12 European countries have joined forces to launch the first pan-European MOOCs initiative, with the support of the European Commission • 149 courses in different European languages • The Openup. Ed framework features: – Learner-centred – Openness to learners – Digital openness – Independent learning – Media-supported interaction – Recognition options – Quality focus – Spectrum of diversity

iversity • 6 European partners • In 3 European languages: – English, German, Russian • Certificates with a fee • Courses subjects include: – medicine – computer science – economics – physics – law – design and philosophy

Open Education Europa • Open Education Europa is a dynamic platform built with the latest opensource technology, offering tools for communicating, sharing and discussing The portal is structured in 3 main sections: – The FIND section showcases MOOCs, courses, and Open Educational Resources by leading European institutions – The SHARE section come together to share and discuss solutions for a diverse range of educational issues by posting blogs, sharing events, and engaging in thematic discussion – The IN-DEPTH section hosts e. Learning Papers —provides an exhaustive list of EU-funded projects, and highlights the latest news about open education as well as the most relevant recently published scholarly articles

Coursera Case http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Coursera • Coursera started in 2012 working with Stanford University, Princeton, the University of Michigan, and the University of Pennsylvania, – – 12 partners were added in July 2012 17 more in September 2012 another 29 partner universities in February 2013 the current total number of partners is 108 • In January 2014, the State Department told Coursera to block access to its courses for users in Cuba, Iran and Sudan Founded 2012 • All courses offered by Coursera are "accessible for free“ • Coursera courses: – approximate from six to ten weeks long – with one to two hours of video lectures a week – provide quizzes, weekly exercises, and sometimes a final project or exam • Coursera reaches 839 courses in October 2014 • Coursera reaches 10 million users in 114 institutions in October 2014 • As of May, 2015, Coursera had more than 1000 courses from 119 institutions and 13 million users from 190 countries

Coursera Case http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Coursera • Coursera: is a for-profit educational technology company • List of ways to generate revenue, include: – verified certification fees – tutoring – sponsorships – tuition fees • In January 2013, Coursera announced that the American Council on Education had approved five courses for college credit • In May 2014, Antioch University announced that it was the first US institution to offer college credit for Coursera courses

Coursera: behind the scenes filming By Ben Loveridge (Learning Environments) http: //blogs. unimelb. edu. au/researchservices/2012/12/15/courserabehind-the-scenes-filming/ Photo: Coursera filming set-up showing autocue and Wacom Cintiq 24 HD Touch (Credit: Ben Loveridge)

General Preparation Notes for Filming Presentations (I) • Content creation – video segments of around six minute long are the optimal length for student engagement • Copyright – Use creative commons on flickr within your course to avoid expensive ongoing licensing – If you can’t find or create anything appropriate yourself, make sure any copyright in images or video has been cleared well in advance – Check out Astrid Bovell’s blog post on MOOC’s and the Copyright office • Programs for presenting content – Keynote / Powerpoint / PDF – Video now lives in a 16: 9 world so make sure your presentations are set to 16: 9 mode • in Power. Point this is listed under the ‘page setup’ option • in Keynote it is listed in the ‘inspector mode’ so something like 1920× 1080 is a good start

General Preparation Notes for Filming Presentations (II) What to wear • Avoid wearing green (clashes with the green screen) or fine striped or patterned outfits (can cause strange visual effects). • Black and white clothing is not ideal • Solid muted tones and colours are ok – not too dazzling or bright • Avoid rattling jewellery • Wear clothing that a lapel mic can easily attach Style of delivery • Sitting or standing? • Are they presenting together or separately? • If standing then green screen or white background? (This affects if we use Screenflow vs recording to hard drive where picture is merged with background) • If sitting will you annotate slides with the Wacom? • Scripted with an auto cue, presenting from ‘notes view’ or off the top of the head? • Creating slides on Mac or PC (affects if we use Keynote vs Powerpoint)

ed. X Case http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ed. X https: //www. edx. org • ed. X is a non-profit online initiative created by founding partners Harvard and MIT (in 2012) and runs on an open-source software platform (http: //code. edx. org/) • ed. X has more than 3 million users taking over 300 courses online (of 22 October 2014) • Around 400 faculty and staff teaching courses and discussing topics online • Around 100, 000 certificates earned by ed. X students • The source code can be found on Git. Hub • Topics include: – biology, business, chemistry, computer science, economics, finance, electronics, engineering, food and nutrition, history, humanities, law, literature, math, medicine, music, philosophy, physics, science, statistics and more

ed. X Business Model https: //www. edx. org • With the exception of professional education courses, ed. X courses are free for everyone • Some courses have a fee for verified certificates but are free to audit • In September 2014 ed. X announced a high school initiative • In October 2014 ed. X announced Professional Education courses • In March 2015 it partnered with Microsoft • In April 2015, ed. X partnered with Arizona State University to launch the Global Freshman Academy

MOOCs from the Learners’ side • Available questions and requirements for learners before the registration to the course (Stanford as an example): https: //class. stanford. edu/courses/Engineering/C S 101/Summer 2014/about • Registration for free • Videos, Chats, discussions, quizzes, exams, all the material available on the Internet, certificates

Some Examples Courses on MOOCs • Financial Markets (Coursera): https: //class. coursera. org/financialmarkets-002 • Introduction to Computer Science (ed. X): https: //www. edx. org/course/introduction-computerscience-harvardx-cs 50 x#. VIm. AOCu. Uck. M • Developing Android Apps (Udacity): https: //www. udacity. com/course/ud 853 • Intro to HTML and CSS (Udacity): https: //www. udacity. com/course/ud 304

Θέματα Εργασιών 1. Create a Mini Site with HTML 5 specification including the <video> element (HTML 5, JS) 2. Create a Mini Site on mobile with HTML 5 specification including the <video> element (HTML 5, JS) 3. Algorithms for video streaming & distribution (IEEE, papers, platforms, Google, You. Tube, Netflix…) 4. Install the ed. X and create a Mini site for a lesson as an example 5. Moodle: • Installation, configuration • Create lessons – Plugin implementation for courses retrieval from a MOOC (using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) • Versal, create a course …

References (I) • https: //docs. google. com/forms/d/15 W 2 EZhpo. Wa. ZEBe. DXn_NYP 95 pc. NBYK mzy. MY-Aqg. J-Z 58/viewform • http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Coursera • http: //blogs. unimelb. edu. au/researchservices/2012/12/15/coursera-behind -the-scenes-filming/ • http: //cit. duke. edu/blog/2012/10/what-does-it-take-to-prepare-a-dukecoursera-course/ • http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ed. X • http: //code. edx. org/ • http: //www. openuped. eu/ • https: //www. udacity. com/nanodegrees

References (II) • http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course http: //chronicle. com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/ • http: //bit. ly/1 gin. XMb • http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Coursera • https: //www. coursera. org/course/ml • http: //www. moneycrashers. com/netflix-hulu-amazon-comparison/ • http: //blogs. unimelb. edu. au/researchservices/2012/12/15/coursera-behind -the-scenes-filming/ • http: //cit. duke. edu/blog/2012/10/what-does-it-take-to-prepare-a-dukecoursera-course/ • http: //www. openuped. eu/ • https: //iversity. org • https: //www. udacity. com/nanodegrees • http: //www. slideshare. net/iaindoherty/everything-you-need-to-knowabout-moocs-well-almost

References (III) • http: //www. slideshare. net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs • http: //blogs. unimelb. edu. au/researchservices/2012/12/15/courserabehind-the-scenes-filming/ • http: //code. edx. org/ • https: //www. edx. org

References • • http: //www. w 3. org/TR/html 5/ http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/HTML 5_video http: //www. w 3. org/TR/html 5/embedded-content-0. html#the-video-element • • • http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Content_delivery_network http: //blog. streamingmedia. com/2014/07/apples-cdn-now-live. html https: //moodle. org/ http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Streaming_media http: //www. w 3. org/2010/05/video/mediaevents. html http: //www. html 5 rocks. com/en/tutorials/video/basics/ http: //blog. teamtreehouse. com/building-custom-controls-for-html 5 videos • http: //www. openarchives. org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol. html