INTERNET INTERNET The internet is the global system

INTERNET

INTERNET • The internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use internet protocol to link devices world wide. • It is a network of networks. • Internet has millions of smaller domestic, academic , business, and government networks, which together carry many different kinds of information. • The internet was developed in the united states by the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency [DARPA].

HISTORY OF INTERNET

HISTORY OF INTERNET • 1974. The word “internet” first appeared in print – in a DARPA published request for comments document on TCP/IP, a new set of communications and networking protocols for managing data transmissions on the new system. • 1976. Queen Elizabeth of England became the first head of state to send an email. • 1983. The Domain Name System(DNS) was invented. • 1985. The National Science Foundation(NSF) funded construction of Arpanet’s biggest upgrade yet: the NSFNET, a command hub of five super computers to serve as highways for all data traffic.

INTERNET ACCESS 1. DIAL UP CONNECTION A dial up connection uses a standard phone line and analog modem to access the internet. It is the least expensive way to access the internet , but it is also a slowest connection. 2. BROADBAND In telecommunications, broadband is wide bandwidth data transmission which transports multiple signals and traffic types. The medium can be coaxial cable, optical fiber, radio or twisted pair. 3. WIFI It is even possible to connect to the internet wirelessly from home or while we are moving. Wireless technology allows users to have mobile connections, accessing web where and when they need to.

4. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER An internet service provider is an organization that provides services for accessing, using , or participating in the internet. Internet services typically provided by ISP’s include internet access , internet transmit , domain name registration , web hosting , use net service , and colocation.

INTERNET PROTOCOLS

FACILITIES AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. E-MAIL FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP) USENET TELNET INTERNET RELAY CHAT (IRC) WORLD WIDE WEB

EMAIL • Email or electronic mail is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronic devices. • Invented by Ray Tomlinson, email first entered limited use in the 1960 s and by the mid 1970 s had taken the form now recognized as email. • Today's email systems are based on a store-andforward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously.

FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP) • The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. • FTP is built on a client-server model architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server. FTP users may authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.

USENET • Usenet stands for users network • It is a worldwide distributed internet discussion system • Computers communicate through protocols • One of the most common observations about Use. Net is that it seems to be more difficult to use, especially for beginners

TELNET • Telnet is a remote access protocol • Protocol for creating a connection with a remote machine over TCP/IP network. • Accessing remote computers data base or archive • Logging into one’s own computer from another computer

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) • Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an application layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text. • The chat process works on a client/server networking model. IRC clients are computer programs that users can install on their system or web based applications running either locally in the browser or on 3 rd party server. • These clients communicate with chat servers to transfer messages to other clients.

World Wide Web (WWW) • It is the part of the internet • The WWW is a way of accessing information over the internet. • It contains millions of documents or a bunch of papers called webpages • All the resources and use on the internet that are using the hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP)

WEB PAGE AND HTML • The web presents information as a series of documents. • These documents are known web pages that are prepared using hyper text markup language ( Html)

HTML • A web page is created using html. Html stands for hyper text markup language. • Html is a representation language used to create hyper text documents containing text , list boxes and graphic information

HTTP • A web page is transferred to a user’s computer through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP ). • It provides the language that allows servers and browsers to communicate • HTTP is the method through which web pages are transferred over the internet. Http works in the following way. a) The client submits an HTTP request message to the server. b) The server, which provides resources such as HTML files and other content, or performs other functions on behalf of the client, returns a response message to the client. c) The response contains completion status information about the request and may also contain requested content in its message body.

WEB BROWSING • 1. Internet browsing also called net surfing is the process of accessing different websites on the internet hosted by various companies , organizations , educational institutions etc.

WEB BROWSER • Web browser is a programme that runs on internet connected computer and provides access to web pages. The tool used to view these web pages on internet is known as internet browser or simply browser • The most popular are internet explorer from Microsoft and Netscape from Netscape. Other popular web browsers are mosaic , opera , and hot java etc. .

WEB SERVER • Web server are a combination of software and hardware that store document and other content. It is a programme that accepts requests for information prepared according to the http. • The most widely used web servers are Microsoft internet information server and Netscape communication

INTERNET ADDRESSING

IP ADDRESS • An IP address , short for internet protocol address, Is an identifying number for a piece of network hardware. Having an IP address allows a device to communicate with other devices over an IP based network like the internet. • An IP address provides an identity to a networked device.

IP ADDRESS

DOMAIN NAME • A domain name is a name used to identify and locate computers connected to the internet. • No two organizations can have the same domain name. • The domain name system maps the name people used to locate a website to the IP address that a computer used to locate a website.

DOMAIN NAME

UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR • URL stands for uniform resource locator. • A URL is a formatted text string used by web browsers , email clients and other software to identify a network resource on the internet.

Uniform resource locator