INTERNATIONALA CONFERENCE Security and Defence RD Management Policy

INTERNATIONALA CONFERENCE Security and Defence R&D Management: Policy, Concepts and Models R&D HUMAN CAPITAL POLICY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR KONSTANTIN POUDIN 29 - 31 May 2008 Varna, Bulgaria

Human Capital – the Most Important Factor of the Development of Economy of Science

Human Capital – Knowledge Competencies Skills Motivation Health Experience

HUMAN CAPITAL /HC/ FEATURES l Development of HC is related to a lot of investments; l Development of HC includes variety of activities, such as: educational initiatives, health initiatives, motivation activities etc. ; l Labor income is function of the investments in HC. People with higher education and qualification have to earn more money; l Relation between HC and the level of technologies exists. The development of technologies put higher requirements towards HC.

R&D Human Capital has 2 important characteristics: QUANTITY & QUALITY

Qualitative indicators: l l l l Age/Gender Years of Experience Possession of Ph. D degree Possession of Scientific Title Participation in Research Projects Memberships in Research Networks Publications Participation in Training Quantitative indicators: l Total Number of Researchers in Public and Private Institutions l Concentration / Distribution in Different Research Areas

2005 - 2006 all the member countries of the EU – 1, 8% of GDP 2010 2, 6% of GDP

Some Facts and Conclusions: l 0, 5% of GDP - must be 3% l The average weighted total yearly salary of a researcher in Bulgaria is the lowest in Europe - 3. 556 EURO Netherlands 59. 103 Norway 58. 997 Germany 56. 132 France 50. 879 Portugal 29. 001 Greece 25. 685 Poland 11. 659 Romania - 6. 286

Some Facts and Conclusions: Austria 60. 530 Belgium 55. 998 Bulgaria 9. 770 Croatia 27. 063 Cyprus 50. 549 Czech Republic 36. 950 Denmark 43. 669 Estonia 21. 053 Finland 36. 646 France 47. 550 Germany 53. 358 Greece 30. 835 Hungary 27. 692 Iceland 33. 801 Ireland 49. 654 Israel 59. 580 United Kingdom 52. 776 Italy 34. 120 Latvia 21. 580 Lithuania 29. 660 Luxembourg 56. 268 Malta 40. 342 Netherlands 56. 721 Norway 41. 813 Poland 21. 591 Portugal 33. 334 Romania 13. 489 Slovakia 18. 282 Slovenia 37. 970 Spain 38. 873 Sweden 47. 143 Switzerland 59. 902 Turkey 26. 250 The average weighted total yearly salary of researchers of each country in EU 25 and Associated Countries (2006, N=6110, all currencies in PPS)

Some Facts and Conclusions: R&D Staff /Total/ 2003 2004 2005 21 604 21 154 20 874 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; 53 Institutions of Higher Education /43 Universities and Independent Higher Schools and 10 Colleges/; Non-government Organizations ; Companies Developing R&D Activity.

Some Facts and Conclusions: Ph. D PROBLEM? Ph. D student New Ph. D 2003/2004/2005 4 834 5 079 401 . 392 2005/2006 5 163 528 2006/2007 4 816 583

FUTURE STEPS l More money for R&D /in general/ l More “private money” allocated for R&D l Development and maintenance of R&D capacity in private companies l New motivation initiatives which have to attract and retain researchers in their own country and Europe.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!