International Workshop on Emulsion Technique 2008Jan24 25 Emulsion

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International Workshop on Emulsion Technique 2008/Jan/24, 25 Emulsion Hybrid Telescope for Cosmic Gamma-ray Observation

International Workshop on Emulsion Technique 2008/Jan/24, 25 Emulsion Hybrid Telescope for Cosmic Gamma-ray Observation S. Aoki (Kobe) / S. Takahashi (Nagoya) for Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope Group ( Kobe U. , Nagoya U. , Aichi U. Edu. , ISAS/JAXA, Okayama Sci. U. , Utsunomiya U. )

Telescope observes … · brightness (magnitude) · color (wavelength) · direction of the light.

Telescope observes … · brightness (magnitude) · color (wavelength) · direction of the light.

Telescope observes … · brightness (magnitude) · color (wavelength) · direction of the light.

Telescope observes … · brightness (magnitude) · color (wavelength) · direction of the light. Emulsion can measure … event rate (flux) energy (momentum) direction of gamma-ray photon. So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.

Telescope observes … · brightness (magnitude) · color (wavelength) · direction of the light.

Telescope observes … · brightness (magnitude) · color (wavelength) · direction of the light. Radio Wave Infra Red Visible Light Ultra Violet X ray optical imaging is possible Emulsion can measure … event rate (flux) energy (momentum) direction of gamma-ray photon. So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.

Telescope observes … · brightness (magnitude) · color (wavelength) · direction of the light.

Telescope observes … · brightness (magnitude) · color (wavelength) · direction of the light. Emulsion can measure … event rate (flux) energy (momentum) direction of gamma-ray photon. So, Emulsion can be good Telescope. pair creation

Current Situation in various wavelength range ex. Crab nebula (M 1) 2 mrad Radio

Current Situation in various wavelength range ex. Crab nebula (M 1) 2 mrad Radio (VLA) Infra Red (2 MASS) Visible (Palomar) Ultra Violet (UIT) 100 mrad “Ge. V” Gamma (EGRET) X ray (Chandra) 30 mrad “Te. V” Gamma (HESS) a lot of room to improve for “Ge. V” Gamma

Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope Converter Emulsion metal foil spacer Fiber Tracker ( X and

Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope Converter Emulsion metal foil spacer Fiber Tracker ( X and Y ) Calorie Meter ( Emulsion + Lead ) ² S = 1 m 2, = 0. 5 (tan < 1. 0) ² Launched by scientific balloon (35 km alt. = 5 g/cm 2) ² volume scan conversion point measure slope in arcmin ² get “time stamp” by Scintillating Fiber Tracker check time profile in order to exclude atmospheric gamma-ray event ² based on “orientation monitor” and “time stamp” get the direction w. r. t celestial sphere γ

Emulsion is traditional detector in Cosmic-ray Study mountain: -meson discovery hyperon (strange particle) airplane:

Emulsion is traditional detector in Cosmic-ray Study mountain: -meson discovery hyperon (strange particle) airplane: X-particle (naked charm) balloon: primary cosmic-ray JACEE, RUNJOB etc.

RUNJOB 　 balloon volume (m 3) RUNJOB 1 180000 230 RUNJOB 2 180000 RUNJOB

RUNJOB 　 balloon volume (m 3) RUNJOB 1 180000 230 RUNJOB 2 180000 RUNJOB 3 chamber mass(kg) chamber area(m 2) launched landed duration(h) 0. 4 1995/7/15 1995/7/20 130 230 0. 4 1996/7/19 1996/7/25 167 180000 254 0. 4 1996/7/17 1996/7/23 134 RUNJOB 4 180000 254 0. 4 1995/7/18 1995/7/24 147. 5 RUNJOB 5 180000 260 0. 4 1997/7/ 9 1997/7/15 139. 5 RUNJOB 6 180000 270 0. 4 1997/7/11 1997/7/17 139. 5 RUNJOB 7 180000 268 0. 4 1997/7/16 failed － RUNJOB 8 180000 　 0. 4 1999/7/8 1999/7/14 142 RUNJOB 9 180000 　 0. 4 1999/7/12 1999/7/18 145 RUNJOB 10 180000 　 0. 4 1999/7/13 1999/7/19 146. 5 RUNJOB 11 180000 　 0. 4 1999/7/14 1999/7/20 145

JACEE Flight Launch Date Launch Site Altitude [g/cm 2] Duration [hours] Area [m 2]

JACEE Flight Launch Date Launch Site Altitude [g/cm 2] Duration [hours] Area [m 2] Exposure [m 2･hr] JACEE-0 May 1979 Sankiku(Japan) 8. 0 29. 0 0. 2 5. 80 JACEE-1 Sep 1979 Palestine(Texas) 3. 7 25. 2 0. 8 20. 16 JACEE-2 Oct 1980 Palestine(Texas) 4. 0 29. 6 0. 8 23. 68 JACEE-3 Jun 1982 Greenville(S. Carolina) 5. 0 39. 0 0. 25 9. 75 JACEE-4 Jun 1983 Palestine(Texas) 5. 0 59. 5 0. 8 47. 60 JACEE-5 Oct 1984 Palestine(Texas) 5. 0 14. 5 0. 8 11. 60 JACEE-6 May 1986 Palestine(Texas) 4. 0 30. 0 0. 8 24. 00 JACEE-7 Jan 1987 Alice Springs(Australia) 5. 0 150. 0 0. 6 90. 00 JACEE-8 Feb 1988 Alice Springs(Australia) 5. 0 120. 0 0. 6 72. 00 JACEE-9 Sep 1990 Fort Sumner(New Mexico) 4. 0 44. 0 0. 8 35. 20 JACEE-10 Dec 1990 Mc. Murdo(Antarctica) 3. 5 204. 0 0. 24 48. 96 JACEE-11 Dec 1993 Mc. Murdo(Antarctica) 4. 5 217. 5 1. 2 261. 00 Not recover JACEE-12 Jan 1994 Mc. Murdo(Antarctica) 5. 0 211. 0 1. 2 253. 20 JACEE-13 Dec 1994 Mc. Murdo(Antarctica) 5. 0 310. 0 1. 2 372. 00 JACEE-14 Dec 1995 Mc. Murdo(Antarctica) 5. 0 350. 0 1. 2 420. 00

Scanning Power Roadmap near future 1 m 2 / h × 100 now MSC

Scanning Power Roadmap near future 1 m 2 / h × 100 now MSC CHORUS/DONUT OPERA

Signal Yield and S/N ratio ² Long Duration Flight (120～ 160 hours) at mid-latitude

Signal Yield and S/N ratio ² Long Duration Flight (120～ 160 hours) at mid-latitude 　・RUNJOB succeeded launch/recover 10 times out of 11 times trial (ave. 140 hour / flight) 　・Background track accumulation @ JACEE film (150 hours exp. ) has been confirmed analyzable by U. T. S. at Nagoya ² Signal Yield (based on EGRET flux) Club Nebula E > 100 Me. V E > 1 Ge. V 226 10 8 ph/cm 2/sec 20 10 8 ph/cm 2/sec 　1 m 2 6 hour/day 488 ph / m 2 / day 43 ph / m 2 / day 　5 days (120 h)/flight 2440 ph / flight 215 ph / flight 　(film+foil) 100 1 Xo thick converts more than half of photon ² S/N=40 (E >1. 0 Ge. V) against to atmospheric gamma-ray @5 g/cm (extrapolation from BETS observation ) 2

Pilot Study 2004/05 Balloon @Sanriku (36 km) Cosmic-ray 2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Compton Cu 50

Pilot Study 2004/05 Balloon @Sanriku (36 km) Cosmic-ray 2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Compton Cu 50 m γ-ray beam 2007/7, 9 Mt. Norikura Cosmic-ray (2. 77 km) Pb 1 mm Cu 50 m “ 10 Ge. V ” EM-shower “ 1 Ge. V ” e-pair observation confirm angular resolution “ 100 Me. V ” e-pair Time Stamp

Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30 Micro Segment Chamber large size (40

Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30 Micro Segment Chamber large size (40 cm 50 cm) OPERA film provided by Fuji Film (Mr. Kanazawa)

Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30 10. 5 cm 6. 5 cm

Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30 10. 5 cm 6. 5 cm ｇamma shower electroron shower hadron ｊet 1. 5 mm

Pilot Study 2004/05 Balloon @Sanriku (36 km) Cosmic-ray 2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Compton Cu 50

Pilot Study 2004/05 Balloon @Sanriku (36 km) Cosmic-ray 2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Compton Cu 50 m γ-ray beam 2007/7, 9 Mt. Norikura Cosmic-ray (2. 77 km) Pb 1 mm Cu 50 m “ 10 Ge. V ” EM-shower “ 1 Ge. V ” e-pair observation confirm angular resolution “ 100 Me. V ” e-pair Time Stamp Detail will be discussed by S. Takahashi Poster Presentation

Pilot Study 2. @SPring-8 Laser Electron Photon Beam (by RCNP Osaka Univ. ) ～

Pilot Study 2. @SPring-8 Laser Electron Photon Beam (by RCNP Osaka Univ. ) ～ 70 m

Pilot Study 2. @SPring-8 Converter plate- 1 20 21 35 36 50 PMMA Energy

Pilot Study 2. @SPring-8 Converter plate- 1 20 21 35 36 50 PMMA Energy Measure 15 mm t Pb 500 m Cu 50 m plate- 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

3 cm× 11 films Connection Criteria >500 Me. V/c Reconstructed Tracks 86921

3 cm× 11 films Connection Criteria >500 Me. V/c Reconstructed Tracks 86921

Selected Tracks 814

Selected Tracks 814

Angular Resolution (MC simulation) GLAST readout error ＋ 0. 3 m × 0. 2

Angular Resolution (MC simulation) GLAST readout error ＋ 0. 3 m × 0. 2 m ＊ 0. 1 m experimentally confirmed 0. 1 deg (@1 Ge. V~2 Ge. V) 1 mrad

Pilot Study 3 Hybrid Test at Mt. Norikura Em 1 Cu 1 Em 2

Pilot Study 3 Hybrid Test at Mt. Norikura Em 1 Cu 1 Em 2 Cu 2 Em 3 Cu 3 Em 4 21 hours @ 2770 m γ(atomospheric) ・ ・ ・ 10 cm 12. 5 cm Fiber Tracker 10 cm Cu 27 Em 28 Cu 28 Em 29 Cu 29 Em 30

Number of Tracks: 1. 4× 108

Number of Tracks: 1. 4× 108

Number of Tracks: 1. 4× 108

Number of Tracks: 1. 4× 108

12 cm× 10 cm× 21 films Connection Criteria >50 Me. V/c Reconstructed Tracks 259688

12 cm× 10 cm× 21 films Connection Criteria >50 Me. V/c Reconstructed Tracks 259688

Selected Events 66

Selected Events 66

Event : 131 2797654 Eγ=74[Me. V] P = 48+15 -7[Me. V/c] P = 26+5

Event : 131 2797654 Eγ=74[Me. V] P = 48+15 -7[Me. V/c] P = 26+5 -4[Me. V/c] Measured by K. Hamada

γconversion in 06: 07 -07: 03

γconversion in 06: 07 -07: 03

γconversion in 06: 07 -07: 03 06: 30: 07 06: 33: 23 06: 33:

γconversion in 06: 07 -07: 03 06: 30: 07 06: 33: 23 06: 33: 15 06: 25: 15 06: 20: 00 06: 32: 54

event 06: 33: 23 X Z Y Z

event 06: 33: 23 X Z Y Z

Summary We are developing Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope with large acceptance ( =0. 5

Summary We are developing Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope with large acceptance ( =0. 5 ) and precise angular resolution (arcmin) 　・ temporally transient object: GRB (short and long) etc. 　・ spatially spread object: SNR (relatively near) etc. 　・ and any exotic phenomena These observation must be exciting. H. E. S. S. RX J 1713. 7 -3946 PSR J 1803 -2137 1 deg color: Te. V gamma by H. E. S. S. contour: X-ray by ASCA

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“OPERA Film” tracker performance 2 mrad by single layer (290µm) 290µm (. 002 X

“OPERA Film” tracker performance 2 mrad by single layer (290µm) 290µm (. 002 X 0) 410µm (. 004 X 0) 50 mm c. f. GLAST １ mrad

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