International Telecommunication Union ICT Innovation and ITU At

International Telecommunication Union ICT Innovation and ITU At the 10 th China Beijing International High Tech Expo International Forum on China High-Tech Development Beijing, 25 May 2007 Houlin Zhao Deputy Secretary-General, ITU

International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication system development 1837: 1876: 1895: 1902: 1920: 1957: 1963: Invention of telegraph Bell patent his telephone invention First radio relay system First radio transmissions of the human voice Sound-broadcasting by Marconi company First satellite First telecommunications satellite Telephone switching systems 1935 -1950: Cross-bar 1950 -1960: Research electronic switching 1960: Software production 1965 -1975: 1 st generation, space-division SPC 1970 -1985: Time-division digital centralized SPC 1980 -: Time-division digital distributed SPC 2 Evolution of telecommunication systems

International Telecommunication Union Electronic computer generations 1945: 1 st generation, with tubes 1958: 2 nd generation, with transistors 1963: 3 rd generation, with integrated circuits 1975: 4 th generation, with microprocessors 1990 s: 5 th generation, with artificial intelligence Semi-conductor / solid state components generations 1950: Transistors 1970: Integrated circuits 1975: LSI (Large Scale Integration) 1980: VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) 3 Evolution of computer technologies

International Telecommunication Union Ø Telegraph: Morse Code (wireless) telegraph (wired + wireless) telex Ø Telephone: analogue digital IP Telephony Ø Network Switch: manual, automatic (mechanic), SPC (circuit switch, packet switch), ISDN/B-ISDN, TMN, NGN Ø Data: PSS, connectionless, internet Ø Transmission: cable, submarine cable, optical fibre, microwave, radio; broadband, PCM, DSL, LAN, DWDM, CWDM, TDM, SDH, FR, ADPCM, OTN, PON, GPON Ø Coding: Voice coding, fax coding, still image coding, moving image coding (MPEG) Ø TV: black and white, colour, high definition TV, digital TV, Cable TV, IPTV Ø Mobile/cellular: analogue, digital (GSM, CDMA), IMT-2000 (3 G), Mobile TV Ø Radio: SOS, VHF/UHF, LF/MF broadcasting, satellite, space communications Ø Languages: CHILL, TTCN, ASN. 1, etc. Ø Other areas: Qo. S, security, numbering and addressing, tariff and accounting, etc. New topics: Ø LAN, Wi-Fi, Wi. Max, ENUM, IPv 6, Universal access, Multilingual internet Home networking , IPTV, RFID also Ø Spam, virus, phishing, hackers, … 4 Telecommunications technology evolution

International Telecommunication Union The average annual economic growth in Germany between 1960 and 1990 was 3, 3 %. By DIN Standards 27, 3 % Capital 48, 5 % Licenses 15, 2 % Patents 3, 0 % Labour 6, 0 % 5 Economic growth is highly influenced by standards

International Telecommunication Union 1837 1844 17 May 1865 1876 1877 1906 1924 1925 1927 1932 Invention of the first electric telegraph Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore Foundation of the “International Telegraph Union” with the adoption of the “First International Telegraph Convention” Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone First “International Radiotelegraph Convention” signed Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee) Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee) Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to International Telecommunication Union 1947 1956 1992 6 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors: ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD ITU Landmarks

International Telecommunication Union l China joined ITU in 1920 l People’s Republic of China resumed its rights in ITU as of May 1972 l Ministry of Information Industry is a recognized Chinese Administration in ITU l China is a member of ITU Council (46 members) l 7 Sector Members including: Ø Alcatel Shanghai Bell, China Mobile, China Netcom, China Telecom, China Unicom, Huawei and ZTE are ITU Sector Members Ø 6 Sector Members from Hong Kong, 3 from Macao l Chinese Universities: BUPT; NUPT; XUPT; Zhejiang University; Tsing Hua University, etc… l Mr. Houlin Zhao, Director of TSB since 1999 and Deputy Secretary-General since January 2007 7 China in ITU

International Telecommunication Union l Phase I – 1973 -1980 s: Learning period Ø Learning, observing, collecting information; very few contributions Ø A few experts nominated as Vice-Chairmen of SGs in 1980 s l Phase II – 1990 s: Transition period Ø More contributions, more delegates (individuals often changed) Ø One expert was nominated as Chairman of SG 12 in 1996 Ø Mr. Zhao was elected as Director of TSB in 1998 l Phase III – 2000: Active period Ø Chinese nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-T SG 4 at WTSA-2000, Montreal, Canada Ø TD-SCDMA accepted as one IMT-2000 technology in ITU-R Recommendations in 2000 Ø IP over SDH (Rec. X. 85) approved in 2000, Geneva, Switzerland Ø Chinese expert nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-R SG 1, Istanbul, Turkey Ø Mr. Zhao re-elected in 2002 Ø China elected as Vice-Chairman of WTSA-04, Florianópolis, Brazil Ø Five Chinese experts were nominated as Vice-Chairmen of various ITU-T SGs at WTSA-04 Ø More substantial contributions; more delegates (Chinese delegations become No. 1 from Asia, and often No. 2 after the US delegations; Huawei, ZTE, China Telecom, etc. very active) Ø CCSA, AVS and another forum in China established a status with ITU-T under ITU -T Rec. A. 4, A. 5 and A. 6 l Phase IV: Among leaders? 8 Chinese experts in ITU

International Telecommunication Union - World’s most respected companies (50): Microsoft (1), IBM (5), Siemens (10), Dell (11), Sony Ericsson (18), Nokia (25), Cisco (30), Samsung (32) - World’s most respected business leaders (50): Zhang Ruimin, Haier (26) - Best for shareholder value (10): Microsoft (1), IBM (9) - Best turnaround (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (5), Samsung (9) - Best for customer service (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (4) - Best for innovations (10) nominated by CEOs: Microsoft (1), Sony Ericsson (5), IBM (6), Nokia (9), Samsung (10) - Best for innovations (10) nominated by fund managers: Microsoft (1), Nokia (10) 9 Rankings (2005 vs 2004) of “Financial Times” 18 November 2005

International Telecommunication Union See you in ITU, Geneva Thank you 10 Houlin Zhao ITU Deputy Secretary-General dsg@itu. int Tel: +41 22 730 5595 Fax: +41 22 730 5137