International SOLAS Network Progress and Data Management SCOR

International SOLAS: Network Progress and Data Management SCOR Summit Meeting London December 2006

1. Science 2. Structure 3. National Developments 4. Network Activities 5. Major SOLAS Endeavors 6. Data and Project Management

Science

The Domain of SOLAS Research

SOLAS has 3 Foci: Focus 1: Biogeochemical Interactions and Feedbacks Between Ocean and Atmosphere Chairs: Bill Miller (USA) & Mitsuo Uematsu (Japan) Focus 2: Exchange Processes at the Air-Sea Interface and the Role of Transport and Transformation in the Atmospheric and Oceanic Boundary Layers Chair: Wade Mc. Gillis (USA) Focus 3: Air-Sea Flux of CO 2 and Other Long-Lived Radiatively-Active Gases Chairs: Truls Johannessen (Norway) & Arne Koertzinger (Germany) Activity is joint w/ IMBER and has 3 sub-groups: WG 1 -Surface Ocean Systems WG 2 -Interior Ocean WG 3 -Sensitivity: (future oceans)

• Joint Implementation Plan complete (see web sites) • To be printed early 2007 • Meet in Paris in April; IOCCP Surface p. CO 2 and Ocean Vulnerability Workshop

Structure

The IGBP Network AIMES

GEWEX 1988 WCRP Observation Assmilation Panel SPARC 1992 WGNE WGCM WGSF Coordinated Observation and Prediction of the Earth System CLIVAR 1995 SOLAS 2001 -> WCRP Modelling Panel Cli. C 2000

SOLAS Networks in 23 Nations Substantial Programs: Canada Germany Japan UK USA Sponsors:

SOLAS is developing an African Network Cape Verde Egypt Ghana Kenya Morocco Nigeria South Africa Zimbabwe Future plans include an African-SOLAS Workshop

National Developments

Major NEW SOLAS Funded Program in Germany Coordinator: Submitted: Proposed start: Requested: Douglas Wallace, IFM-GEOMAR Jan 2006 Jan 2007 EU 6. 5 m over 3 years (12 Institutions, 43 Investigators, 23 sub-projects)

SOLAS-Japan “Linkages in Biogeochemical Cycles Between the Surface Ocean and Lower Atmosphere” July 2006 award; $9. 2 million; 5 Year duration • Source the supply of land-based substances controlling primary production in the Pacific • Determine how the marine ecological system will response to changing atmospheric composition • Determine how the production and emission of biogenic gases affect atmospheric composition • Evaluate the contribution of marine biogenic gases to global warming • Provide basic knowledge of the issues of global warming to policy makers

OUTLINE of Implementation Projects for each Focus US-SOLAS Science Plan 1: 1 Global Ocean Trace Gas Surveys 1: 2 The North-Atlantic African Dust-Aerosol Experiment (NAFDAE) 1: 3 Ocean-Atmosphere Ice-Snowpack (OASIS) 1: 4 Climate Modeling in SOLAS (CLIMAS) 2: 1 World Ocean Gas Exchange Process Studies 2: 2 Surface Spray in situ and modelling studies 2: 3 Hi. T-US 2: 4 Cape Verde Air-Sea Interaction Time Series Station 3: 1 Air-Water Carbon and Methane Fluxes in Coastal Oceans 3: 2 Southern Ocean Carbon Dioxide Studies 3: 3 Global Surface Carbon Concentration Surveys 3: 4 Perturbation Experiments 4: 1 Autonomous and Langrangian platforms (ALPS) for SOLAS 4: 2 Satellites and Model Assimilations 4: 3 Summer School 4: 4 Data Management

Network Activities

SOLAS/INI Review of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Impacts on the Open Ocean Joint SOLAS/International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) Review of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Impacts on the Open Ocean University of East Anglia on 17 -20 November 2006. The products will be 2 -3 papers for submission to journals such as Deep-Sea Research or Global Biogeochemical Cycles, and a review paper submitted to Science or Nature. SOLAS, NOAA, INI and SCOR sponsored

• With support from SOLAS International Project Office and BELSPO DMS model inter-comparison workshop Brussels, 4 -8 December 2006 Conduct a systematic comparison of DMS ecosystem models against common data sets to spur improvements and indicate needed observations to better constrain DMS dynamics. • Origin: Discussion forum at SOLAS Open Science meeting, Halifax Oct 2004 Ad-hoc committee: C. Lancelot, M. Levasseur and A. Vezina Y. Le Clainche drafted as scientific coordinator, V. Schoemann as local organizer

• With support from IOCCP, SOLAS, IMBER and GCP Ocean Surface p. CO 2 and Vulnerabilities Workshop Paris, 11 -14 April 2007 • Review current knowledge and enhance international cooperation to resolve the magnitude, variability and processes governing ocean sources and sinks of carbon: from observations, process-based models and atmospheric and oceanic inversions • Vulnerabilities in the Ocean Carbon-Climate System • Ocean Carbon Sources and Sinks • Estimation of Air-Sea CO 2 Fluxes Planning Committe: Bronte Tilbrook, Nicolas Metzl, Corrine Le. Quere, Roger Dargaville, Dorothee Bakker, Kitack Lee, Scott Doney, Sylvie Roy, Dick Feely, Jeff Hare

SOLAS links closely with other projects in attendance: GEOTRACES IMBER CLIVAR GEOHAB SCAR Various SCOR WG’s

Major SOLAS Activities

SOLAS Summer School 2007 • 22 nd October- 3 rd November • Scientific committee: Phil Boyd Minhan Dai Mitsuo Uematsu Maurice Levasseur Véronique Garçon Corinne Le Quéré Peter Liss Uli Platt Natalie Mahowald Eric Saltzman NZ China Japan Canada France UK UK Germany US US Institut Scientifique de Cargèse, Corsica, France

• Register Early until Dec 31 • Bring students / post-docs

Data and Project Management

Major developments for coordinating SOLAS data and activities European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST Action 735) – – – Supports the creation of air-sea flux data products for three research areas (parallel to SOLAS Foci) Network of researchers / Workshops / Coordinating Meetings € 50 k - 70 k per year for 5 years (begins October 2006) 1. Consolidate current knowledge of air-sea interactions. 2. Identify gaps and stimulate new research. 3. Provide a framework into which new data and process-understanding can be assimilated. 4. Develop tools for production of global air-sea fluxes of climate-relevant compounds.

Major developments for coordinating SOLAS data and activities UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UK SOLAS Knowledge Transfer (KT) – – – Data Integrator position filled in November 2006 (Tom Bell) Coordinates with BODC, Met Office Hadley Centre, and CASIX Parallels and works closely with COST Action 735 1. 2. 3. 4. Compile air-sea flux datasets into a common framework. Intercalibrate and compare data sets and methods, assessing errors. Compare data products with research users’ model outputs. Facilitate inclusion of chemical and biological knowledge of air-sea gas fluxes into coupled models. Assess the role of the oceans in regulating air quality and the atmosphere’s oxidation capacity. Synthesise knowledge of likely changes in air-sea exchange under various global change scenarios. 5. 6.

Tracking SOLAS Projects and Products IMP 2 Template Endorsement

Tracking SOLAS Projects and Products Acknowledgement Inventory

SOLAS Data Management Team Doug Wallace (Outgoing Chair); Juan Brown (Incoming Chair) Rik Wanninkhof, Claire Reeves, Alex Kosyr, Tom Bell, Phil Williamson, Jeff Hare, Gwen Moncoiffe, Lu Wang • Evaluate and document data products and data handling requirements Develop practical policy for the documentation of models and model products Recommend a common data reporting and sharing policy suitable for adoption by projects seeking International SOLAS endorsement Ensure that procedures are established to allow quantification of data uncertainties and quality (metadata requirements) Make recommendations concerning data centres that are particularly suitable for SOLAS needs Work with national SOLAS PIs, data centres, the SOLAS IPO and national funding agencies to coordinate an international network of data managers that are hands-on with SOLAS data.

SOLAS Data Management Principles: 1. Use existing knowledge and infrastructure. 2. Use internationally agreed standards and protocols. . 3. Work with other projects towards establishing an integrated data 4. management system and policy. 4. Plan ahead for rapid data assembly. 5. Data managers will support data gatherers. 6. Data should be made available rapidly. Data users will consult and 7. collaborate with data providers. 7. Data will be reported with metadata and quality flags. 8. Model documentation, model output and models will be made 9. available to the community. 9. Participation in SOLAS research requires submission of data to a SOLAS- approved database or centre.

The Data Management Team • Document likely data products and requirements • Establish data reporting policy (time limits, incentives and enforcements, access rights, meta-data requirements, etc). • Implement a practical policy for documentation of models and model-derived products. • Design a data reporting and retrieval structure that is efficient and compatible with the observational issues. • Negotiate with nations & funding agencies to organize, fund and implement the data management structure. • Develop a data management manual (guides to reporting, quality assessment, data and model access procedures).

Class 1: Geographically/temporally resolved data. • Hydrographic data collection from ships, time-series and autonomous platforms. • Remote sensing data from a wide range of sensors and satellites. • Time-series of meteorological and atmospheric chemistry data. • Data collected from aircraft and balloons. • Data collected from volunteer observing ships. • Data products from operational ocean and atmosphere models.

Class 2: Data from Experiments and Mechanistic Studies. • Mesocosm and mesoscale patch experiments. • Studies of gas exchange. Class 3: Models, Model Documentation and Model Output.