International Conference on Modeling and Simulation Methodology Tools

International Conference on Modeling and Simulation: Methodology, Tools, Software Applications Calgary, Canada, July 31 - August 2 , 2006 Synergy of Systems Engineering and Modeling and Simulation Tuncer Ören Levent Yilmaz M&SNet: Ottawa Center of the Mc. Leod Institute of Simulation Sciences University of Ottawa, ON, Canada http: //www. site. uottawa. ca/~oren M&SNet: Auburn M&S Laboratory Computer Science & Software Engineering Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 http: //www. eng. auburn. edu/~yilmaz © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 1

1. Aim Endorse and promote systems engineering in serious (large and complex) M&S studies © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 2

Plan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. © Ören-Yilmaz Aims Some motivations - personal bias of the first author; an analogy Why systems? Systems Engineering Process Synergy of SE and M&S 5. 1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5. 2 SE for M&S and some references Conclusions "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 3

Some personal biases of the first author: • Master’s in mechanical engineering Hence strong belief in the value of tools and integrated tools; And in the information age, the value of soft tools. © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 4

Some personal biases: • At the beginning of my career I worked, for 5 years, as an IBM systems engineer Hence I appreciate the value of problem formulation in solution generation. (Please note that – in most high schools and universities – in science education for example, the emphasis is not on problem formulation; problems are always well formulated & there are even no noises in problem specifications; classical education does not foster problem specification skills. ) © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 5

Some personal biases of the first author: • Ph. D. (1971) in Systems Engineering (Univ. of Arizona) • Thesis: “GEST: General Systems Theory implemetor” (the first system theory-based simulation model specification language) © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 6

An analogy: If we want to build a small cottage, - a craftsman can do a very good job; - having structural engineers may be unnecessary. In M&S there was a time when – for small projects – art and craftsmanship was the norm. However, the craftsmanship techniques do not scale up to build a skyscraper. Google gives 14 million+ hits, when searched with “failures of simulation projects!” © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 7

Plan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. © Ören-Yilmaz Aims Some motivations - personal bias of the first author; an analogy Why systems? Systems Engineering Process Synergy of SE and M&S 5. 1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5. 2 SE for M&S and some references Conclusions "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 8

Why systems? In serious simulations, (1) The simuland has to be represented (modeled): - System theories provide solid background to represent & process (complex) systems of interest (or systems under investigation). (remember the term “systems of systems” used especially in military applications); and (2) Simulation tools and/environments are also often 1. (complex) systems. © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 9

Plan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. © Ören-Yilmaz Aims Some motivations - personal bias of the first author; an analogy Why systems? Systems Engineering Process Synergy of SE and M&S 5. 1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5. 2 SE for M&S and some references Conclusions "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 10

Customer needs State the problem Re-evaluate Investigate alternatives Re-evaluate Model the system Re-evaluate Integrate Re-evaluate Launch the system Re-evaluate Systems Engineering Process (adopted from INCOSE*fellows; originally from Bahill and Gissing 1998) S - State the problem I - Investigate alternatives M - Model the system I - Integrate L - Launch the system Assess performance Outputs Re-evaluate A - Assess performance R - Re-evaluate * International Council on Systems Engineering © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 11

Please note that there is also a “V” model of systems engineering. © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 12

Plan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. © Ören-Yilmaz Aims Some motivations - personal bias of the first author; an analogy Why systems? Systems Engineering Process Synergy of SE and M&S 5. 1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5. 2 SE for M&S and some references Conclusions "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 13

• M&S provides ideal laboratory facilities for SE studies to perform experiments with system models. (Smith 1962) • The use of M&S in SE is well established. The mission of the M&S Committee of NDIA’s Systems Engineering Division is for example: “Advance the understanding and use of modeling and simulation in the practice of systems engineering for DOD programs. ” (Hollenbach 2003, NDIA-M&S Com) • Connors et al. refer to simulation-based systems engineering to life-cycle management of defense systems. (Connors et al. 2002) • Stuckey (2005) reports inherent value of M&S in systems engineering and test in defense applications. © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 14

Plan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. © Ören-Yilmaz Aims Some motivations - personal bias of the first author; an analogy Why systems? Systems Engineering Process Synergy of SE and M&S 5. 1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5. 2 SE for M&S and some references Conclusions "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 15

• One of the three recommendations made by Hollenbach to overcome shortcomings of M&S in important applications is to “Adopt Disciplined M&S Planning (Left Side of Systems Engineering “V” for M&S)” (Hollenbach 2003). (valuable details in the reference) • Bartolomei (2001) develops a framework for the use of SE in M&S within a military acquisition program. © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 16

Some references (from the M&S Body of Knowledge site maintained by Dr. Ören) http: //www. site. uottawa. ca/~oren/MSBOK/refs-by. Topics. htm#6 Groups • MITRE (2001): Distributed Simulation Systems Engineering: How to Play War • NDIA-M&S Committee: Modelling and Simulation Committee of the Systems Engineering Division of NDIA (National Defence Industrial Association) • NDIA Systems Engineering Division - M&S Committee: Mission, Background and Objectives. by Hollenbach, Jim. (2003). • NIA: National Institute of Aerospace - Center for Aerospace Systems Engineering, Modeling and Simulation. • UAH-RSESC: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Rotorcraft Systems Engineering and Simulation Center. © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 17

Bartolomei, JÈ. (2001). The Use of Systems Engineering Processes and Tools to Develop a System Dynamic Simulation Model of Engineering Support During the Development Phase of an Acquisition Program. Master's Thesis. Brasse, M. , Kok, A. J. F. , Budde, E. -W. (2001). Systems Engineering and Integration Aspects of a Multi-National HLA Federation Development. • Connors, S. , Gauldin, J. , Smith, M. (2002). Closed-Loop, Simulation-Based, Systems Engineering Approach to Life. Cycle Management of Defense Systems. Proc. WSC. 2005 • Stuckey, Richard M. (2005) US Department of Defense Systems Engineering & Test -Progress Toward Revitalization - © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 18

Plan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. © Ören-Yilmaz Aims Some motivations - personal bias of the first author; an analogy Why systems? Systems Engineering Process Synergy of SE and M&S 5. 1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5. 2 SE for M&S and some references Conclusions "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 19

As a result of the advancements, (1) M&S is applied to more and more complex and large scale systems and (2) M&S systems also are becoming more complex. 1. This double complexity requires a higher level of problem solving paradigm in M&S studies. 2. Systems engineering provides such high level paradigm to solve problems. 3. Hence, already some institutions responsible for the deployment of solutions to large and complex problems started to benefit from the synergy of modeling and simulation and systems engineering. © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 20

We have seen 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Aims Some motivations - personal bias of the first author; an analogy Why systems? Systems Engineering Process Synergy of SE and M&S 5. 1 M&S for Systems Engineering 5. 2 SE for M&S and some references Conclusions © Ören-Yilmaz "Synergy of Systems Engineering and M&S" 2006 -07 -31 21