INTERNAL FORCES THAT SHAPE THE EARTH Chp 2

INTERNAL FORCES THAT SHAPE THE EARTH Chp. 2 Section 3

Learning goal: • Explain plate tectonics and the effects they have on our planet

Continental Drift Theory • All continents had once been joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, but slowly drifted apart. • Evidence: the same crocodile fossils were found in Brazil and South Africa • Evidence: continents can fit together like puzzle pieces

Plate Tectonics • Tectonic plates=enormous moving pieces of the earth’s lithosphere • Continents split apart due to the movements of tectonic plates

4 Types of Plate Movement

http: //earthquake. usgs. gov/learn/animations/animation. php? flash_title=Divergent+Boundary&flash_file=divergent&flas h_width=500&flash_height=200 1. Diverging Plates spread apart *The space between is filled with magma, which forms underwater mountain ranges

An effect of divergent plate movement is a…VOLCANO! Ring of Fire: zone around the Pacific plate known for multiple volcanic eruptions/earthquakes

2. Convergent : Subduction One plate moving under another * “sub”=under, like submarine http: //earthguide. ucsd. edu/eoc/teachers/t_te ctonics/p_subduction. html

3. Convergent: Collision Plates come together * “con”=to come together like “con”vention *When the plates collide, they create large mountain ranges like the Himalayas.

World’s tallest: Mount Everest

4) Transformation Plates slide past one another • When plates slide past one another at a fault, like the San Andreas, it can cause an earthquake • Fault= crack/joint in the earth

Earthquakes • Caused when tectonic plates grind or slip • Richter Scale: scale that rates earthquakes (1=10)

Tsunamis • BBC NEWS | World | The tsunami disaster explained A giant wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor.

Create a newspaper article! • Pick an event: earthquake, volcano eruption, tsunami…Can be more than one! (i. e. earthquake & tsunami) • Explain exactly what happened. Be specific! Tell where this happened, tell what type of plate movement it was and explain how those plates move, explain the damage of the disaster. • Draw a picture to explain how this happened (plate movement arrows) and a picture of the damage it caused.

External Forces Shaping the Earth Chp. 2 Section 4

Learning Goal: • Describe mechanical and chemical weathering. • Explain how water, wind, and glaciers affect the development of landforms • Identify the basic components of soil

Weathering Processes that change the characteristics of rocks.

Mechanical Weathering • Processes that break rock into smaller pieces. • Does not change composition of rock—just its size

Chemical Weathering • When composition of rock is changed due to elements in the water and air which decompose the rock • Ex: when iron rusts

Erosion= wearing away of rock, land or soil by wind, water, ice or gravity

Water Erosion • One form of water erosion occurs when water flows in a stream or river • When a river enters the ocean, the sediment it picked up during flow is deposited in a fan-like landform called a delta

Wind Erosion • The wind picks up and transports sediment in different locations • Deposits of loess, or wind blown silt or clay, are found across the world.

Glacial Erosion • Glaciation is the changing of landforms by slowly moving glaciers

Article Title Author Draw a picture to explain how this happened (illustrate the plate movements) Draw a picture of the damage it caused Keep it appropriate… Caption explaining the above picture Date • Pick an event: earthquake, volcano eruption, tsunami…Can be more than one! (i. e. earthquake & tsunami) • Explain exactly what happened. Be specific! Tell where this happened, tell what type of plate movement it was and explain how those plates moved, explain the damage of the disaster. • At least 10 sentences, be creative but still cover the content!