Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Comparison of

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Comparison of Gases, Liquids and Solids PropertyState Gas Liquid Solid Intermolecular Interaction Virtually none Considerable interaction Flow Fluid – free flow Fluid – nearly free flow Rigid – virtually none Actual/Occupied Volume Ratio Close to Negligible Slightly<1. 00 Mode of Motion Virtually random translational motion Restricted translational motion Vibration about fixed sites only Simple Equation of State Yes No No General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 1

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Phase Changes General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 2

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Dipole-Dipole Forces Solid and Liquid HCl General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 3

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Ion-Dipole Forces General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 4

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Formation of Induced Dipole in a Helium Atom No induction in (a), since there are no ions or polar molecules in close proximity. Induction in (b) due to presence of near ion or polar molecule General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 5

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Induced Dipoles in Helium The induced dipoles exist only momentarily. Nevertheless, at low enough temperatures, the generated dispersion forces are sufficient for helium to condense. General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 6

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Hydrogen Bonds in Water General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 7

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Surface Tension General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 8

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Capillary Action (a) Adhesion is higher General Chemistry II CHM 112 (b) Cohesion is higher Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 9

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids 3 -Dimensional Structure of Water General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 10

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Unit Cell and 3 -D Depiction Unit Cell General Chemistry II CHM 112 3 -D Structure Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 11

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Seven Types of Units Cells – Seven Crystal Systems General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 12

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Packing of Spheres – Simple Cubic Cell General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 13

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Packing of Spheres – Body Centred Cubic Cell General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 14

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Closest Packing – Two Arrangements General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 15

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Cubic Unit Cells General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 16

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Radii and Edge Length Relationships for Cubic Cell General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 17

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids X-Ray Diffraction General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 18

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Crystal Structure of Na. Cl General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 19

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Diamond and Graphite – Covalent Crystals General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 20

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Properties of Crystals General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 21

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Vapour Pressure General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 22

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Vapour Pressure - Temperature General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 23

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids A Typical Heating Curve General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 24

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Phase Diagrams General Chemistry II CHM 112 Dr Erdal Onurhan Slide 25