Interest Grabber Section 9 2 Rolling and Folding
Interest Grabber Section 9 -2 Rolling and Folding Some of the steps in cellular respiration take place in the membrane inside the cell structure called the mitochondrion, which has a folded inner membrane. What purpose do these folds serve? To find out the answer to this question, perform this activity. Go to Section:
Interest Grabber continued Section 9 -2 1. Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler. What is the surface area of the paper? 2. Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise. What is the surface area of the rolled paper? 3. Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll the first sheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside the rolled paper. What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper? 4. What would be the value of increasing the surface area of the membrane inside a mitochondrion? Go to Section:
Interest Grabber continued Section 9 -2 1. Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler. What is the surface area of the paper? The area will vary depending on the size of paper used. A sheet of notebook paper has an area of approximately 600 cm 3. Go to Section:
Interest Grabber continued Section 9 -2 2. Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise. What is the surface area of the rolled paper? 3. The surface area is the same as the original sheet of paper. Go to Section:
Interest Grabber continued Section 9 -2 3. Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll the first sheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside the rolled paper. What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper? The surface area has increased (surface area of rolled paper + surface area of folded paper). Go to Section:
Interest Grabber continued Section 9 -2 4. What would be the value of increasing the surface area of the membrane inside a mitochondrion? Increasing the surface area increases the amount of space where chemical reactions can take place. Go to Section:
Section Outline Section 9 -2 9– 2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport A. B. C. D. The Krebs Cycle Electron Transport The Totals Energy and Exercise 1. Quick Energy 2. Long-Term Energy E. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Go to Section:
Chemical Pathways Section 9 -1 Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation (without oxygen) The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis. It just depends if oxygen is absent or present in deciding the path it Go to Section: next. takes Alcohol or lactic acid
Figure 9– 6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9 -2 Citric Acid Production We will focus on the citric acid production first. Go to Section: Mitochondrion
Video 1 Aerobic Respiration • Chapter 09 A. mpg video
Flowchart Section 9 -2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C 6 H 1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) + Water (H 2 O) We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present. Go to Section:
Figure 9– 6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9 -2 Citric Acid Production Go to Section: Mitochondrion
Video 3 Krebs Cycle, Part 1 • Chapter 09 C. mpg video
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #1) Acetyl-Co. A Formation: • The end product of glycolysis was pyruvic acid (also known as pyruvate). The pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrion. • The pyruvic acid & coenzyme A combine to form acetyl-Co. A. • 1 carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of carbon dioxide and is released into the air. • 1 CO 2 and 1 NADH are produced.
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #2) Citric Acid Formation: • Pyruvic acid combines with oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate) to form citric acid, a 6 carbon molecule.
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #3) Electron Carriers are Reduced: • In each turn of the Krebs cycle, the cell quickly converts a molecule GTP (guanosine triphosphate) into ADP producing ATP. • A pair of high-energy electrons is accepted by electron carriers, changing NAD+ to NADH and FAD into FADH 2.
Video 4 Krebs Cycle, Part 2 • Chapter 09 D. mpg video
Krebs Cycle (continued) • 1 pyruvic acid generates 3 CO 2 4 NADH 1 FADH 2 1 ATP
Flowchart Section 9 -2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C 6 H 1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain We will next focus on the Electron Transport Chain. Go to Section: Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) + Water (H 2 O)
Video 5 Electron Transport Chain, Part 1 • Chapter 09 E. mpg
Video 6 Electron Transport Chain, Part 2 • Chapter 09 F. mpg video
Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #1) Electron Transport Chain: • High-energy electrons from NADH are passed along the electron transport chain. • Every time 2 high-energy electrons transport down the electron transport chain, their energy is used to transport hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane.
Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #2) Electron Transport Chain: • High-energy electrons from FADH 2 are passed along the electron transport chain. • Every time 2 high-energy electrons transport down the electron transport chain, their energy is used to transport hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane.
Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #3) Electron Transport Chain: • The high concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space represents potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. • As H+ escape through protein channels, ATP synthase spin. • Each time is rotates, ATP synthase grabs a low-energy ADP and attaches a phosphate forming ATP.
Electron Transport Chain: At the end of the electron transport chain, is an enzyme that combines the electrons with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form water. Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.
Figure 9– 7 Electron Transport Chain Section 9 -2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix Go to Section: ATP Production
Figure 9– 2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview Section 9 -1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Pyruvic acid Glucose Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Go to Section:
• KREBS CYCLE acid • (also called the. Citric ______ CYCLE) • • • Happens in mitochondria ______ STROMA Hydrogen NADPH donates ________ ENERGY ATP donates _________ CO 2 donates Carbon & oxygen _____________ to make _____ GLUCOSE
SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things • 9 -12. L. 1. 1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. • Photosynthesis and respiration • ATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymes Mitochondria Chloroplasts
Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle; predict the function of a given structure; High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (…role of enzymes) describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); describe the relationship between structure and function High school students performing at the BASIC level name chemical reactions required to sustain life (… role of enzymes) name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); recognize that different structures perform different functions;
SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. • 9 -12. L. 1. 1 A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS) • Examples: Krebs Cycle
Go Online • Links from the authors on Creatine • Share kimchi lab data • Interactive test • For links on cellular respiration, go to www. Sci. Links. org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3091. • For links on the Krebs cycle, go to www. Sci. Links. org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3092.
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