Interactive Notebook 1312018 The End of the Civil

Interactive Notebook • 1/31/2018 • The End of the Civil War • This will be on one page

Sherman’s March to the Sea Surrender End of the War

Sherman’s March • One of the defining moments of the end of the Civil War was Sherman’s March to Sea – Also called Sherman’s March Through Georgia • This began in the late fall of 1864 • The first part was the taking and destruction of Atlanta

Sherman’s March • Marched over 60, 000 soldiers from Atlanta to Savannah • Collect supplies from local farms to weaken Southern will and supplies lines/ infrastructure

Sherman’s March • Sherman and his men marched 300 miles in around a month • They made a 60 mile wide path of destruction during the march

Sherman’s March • "I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the City of Savannah, with one hundred and fifty guns and plenty of ammunition, also about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton. ” • Sherman • “Many, many thanks for your Christmas gift – the capture of Savannah. ” • Lincoln

Sherman’s March • Sherman’s March greatly weakened the Southern war effort • The South’s ability to supply the war was crippled • Confederate General Lee’s army was greatly weakened in their fighting with Grant’s forces

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address • “With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. ”

Sherman’s March • Sherman implemented a policy of scorched earth warfare • Destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through or withdrawing from an area

Sherman’s March • In September of 1864 Sherman and his men were able to capture the important Southern city of Atlanta • He sieged the city, warned citizens to leave and eventually burned much of the city to the ground • The capture of Atlanta won Lincoln the election of 1864

Election of 1864 • Lincoln faced a legitimate threat in Democrat George Mc. Clellan in the election of 1864 • Democrats favored ending the war even if that meant loosing the Confederacy

Election of 1864 • Lincoln was reelected by a large majority in popular and electoral college votes • His Second Inaugural Address is perhaps the greatest inaugural address ever delivered • It was less than 8 minutes long

The Fall of Richmond • General Grant and his men sieged the city of Richmond for over 9 months

Surrender • On April 2 nd 1865 Jefferson Davis and fellow Confederate leaders evacuated Richmond • Orders were giving to burn bridges, armories, warehouses, ect. • The city was devastated • By April 4 th Lincoln was walking in the city of Richmond

The Evacuation Fire

Surrender • On April 9 th 1865 Lee’s Confederate forces met Grant’s Union forces • Lee’s army was poorly supplied and morale was quite low going into this battle • Lee’s forces were outnumbered by over 70, 000

Surrender • The Battle of Appomattox essentially ended the war • This triggered a number of other surrenders which ended the Civil War

Surrender • Lee’s surrender did not officially end the war • Over the next two months all Confederate commanders and states surrendered • The last Confederate surrender took place on November 6 th 1865 in Liverpool England

Surrender • All Confederate troops forced to take an oath of loyalty to U. S. • Terms of surrender were lenient • Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and further conflict • Issue of states' rights now "solved" • Federal government had asserted its status

Deaths During the War Deaths During the Civil War Union Confederacy 1, 556, 678 1, 082, 119 Deaths from Wounds 110, 070 94, 000 Deaths from Disease 249, 458 164, 000 23 percent 24 percent 275, 175 100, 000 Total forces Death Rate Wounded

End of the War • Numbers vary on total deaths during the war, but at least 620, 000 soldiers died • Some estimates are as high as 750, 000 • Around 2. 5 -3% of the American population died during the war!

End of the War • Southern economy was completely devastated • Plantation economy was dead • Most major Southern cities were physically destroyed

End of the War • The U. S. now faced a series of very difficult problems • What to do with the once rebellious Southern States? • How to transition FOUR MILLION of former slaves to wage working? • How to and IF the government should be involved in the protection of millions of former slaves?