Interactionsmutualism Coralfarming algae Giant clamfaming algae Microscopic algae

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Interactions_mutualism

Interactions_mutualism

Coral-farming algae

Coral-farming algae

Giant clam-faming algae Microscopic algae known as zooxanthellae living inside the tissues which photosynthesise

Giant clam-faming algae Microscopic algae known as zooxanthellae living inside the tissues which photosynthesise from sunlight and the waste metabolic products of the clam. They are then "harvested" by the clam as supplementary food. Despite being "farmed" this way, the algae are assured of a safe "residence" and a continued supply of nutrients.

Plant roots_fungus

Plant roots_fungus

Lichen_a hardy pioneer

Lichen_a hardy pioneer

Mutualistic N-fixing -trading sugar with ammonia

Mutualistic N-fixing -trading sugar with ammonia

A fern and a blue-green bacteria Azolla is a small aquatic plant containing abundant

A fern and a blue-green bacteria Azolla is a small aquatic plant containing abundant nutrients. The cultivation and use of this forgotten, traditional crop is providing a sustainable alternative to introduced farming and food production practices.

Ruminants_and cellulase secreting microbes

Ruminants_and cellulase secreting microbes

Termites

Termites

Fig and fig wasp

Fig and fig wasp

Fig and fig wasp

Fig and fig wasp

Ant_acacia

Ant_acacia

Flower_pollinators

Flower_pollinators

Mullerian Mimicry_sharing of warning colour

Mullerian Mimicry_sharing of warning colour

Commensalism_epiphyte, oxpeckers, clown fish

Commensalism_epiphyte, oxpeckers, clown fish

Commensalism-crab & anemone

Commensalism-crab & anemone

Commensalism-remora

Commensalism-remora

A Free ride !

A Free ride !

Predator vs prey

Predator vs prey

Predator vs prey

Predator vs prey

Predator vs prey-Orchid_mantis

Predator vs prey-Orchid_mantis

Predator vs prey _ mantis

Predator vs prey _ mantis

Camouflage_concealing

Camouflage_concealing

Plant defence- cyanogenic plants CHOKECHERRY - Prunus species

Plant defence- cyanogenic plants CHOKECHERRY - Prunus species

Plant defencepoisonous plant in HK

Plant defencepoisonous plant in HK

Monarch Butterfly

Monarch Butterfly

Batesian Mimicry_monarch butterfly_milk weed

Batesian Mimicry_monarch butterfly_milk weed

Batesian Mimicry_pretending to be dangerous!

Batesian Mimicry_pretending to be dangerous!

Parasites_tapeworm

Parasites_tapeworm

Tapeworm

Tapeworm

Competition-barnacles

Competition-barnacles

Competition-barnacles

Competition-barnacles

Competition_goose barnacles

Competition_goose barnacles

Consequence of competition character displacement

Consequence of competition character displacement

Consequence of competition competitive exclusion

Consequence of competition competitive exclusion

Consequence of competition adaptive radiation_evolution

Consequence of competition adaptive radiation_evolution

Consider the relationships between: ü ü intra-specific competition inter-specific competition character displacement (adaptive radiation)

Consider the relationships between: ü ü intra-specific competition inter-specific competition character displacement (adaptive radiation) competitive exclusion Consider the outcomes of these processes in terms of proximate (immediate) and ultimate (evolutionary) effects:

Co-evolution

Co-evolution

Co-evolution_endosymbiosis

Co-evolution_endosymbiosis

Co-evolution_endosymbiosis

Co-evolution_endosymbiosis