Interactions How do ORGANISMS in an ECOSYSTEM interact

Interactions • How do. ORGANISMS in an. ECOSYSTEM interact? – ORGANISMS in an ecosystem interact with plants, animals and their. ENVIRONMENT. – INTERACTIONS can cause populations to. INCREASE or DECREASE. – INTERACTIONS can also cause the. ECOSYSTEM to change.

Stability • What is a stable. ECOSYSTEM? – A stable. ECOSYSTEM is one in which the. POPULATION and resources change in a. PREDICTABLE manner. – In a stable. ECOSYSTEM, there is healthy balance between. PREDATOR and PREY.

Predation • What is. PREDATION? – An. INTERACTION species in which. PREDATORS eat PREY. – This healthy. RELATIONSHIP balances the populations within an. ECOSYSTEM. – Example: lions eating gazelles in a grassland regulate the number ofgazelles in the grassland.

Impact of Predation • How does the. PREDATOR/ prey relationship affect POPULATION ? – If the number of prey in a. POPULATION increases then the number of. PREDATORS will also increase. – If the number of. PREDATORS decreases, then the number of prey will. INCREASE.

Competition • What is. COMPETITION? – When species within an. ECOSYSTEM compete for the same. RESOURCES. – Organisms in an. ECOSYSTEM compete for: • FOOD • WATER • SPACE – Example: In the ocean, dolphins, whales and large fish all compete for smaller fish.

Symbiotic Relationships • Symbiosis = Living together in a close environment _____________ – Sym = same time, together – Bio = life • Co-exist: synonym or antonym? To work together towards end goal or purpose (think group work) • a common Cooperate means ___________________________

Attack of the Killer Fungi! • Cordyceps - Planet Earth • Make note: – Is an organism benefiting? – Is an organism being harmed? – Can you connect this type of relationship to something you have already learned?

The 3 symbiotic relationships • A. Mutualism (+/+) – Both organisms benefit • B. Parasitism(+/-) – 1 organsism benefits, another is harmed • C. Commensalism(+/o) – 1 organism benefits, other is unaffected

Let’s recall… Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism both organisms benefit one organism benefits one organism is unaffected one organism benefits one organism is harmed

Mutualism Both organisms benefit from interaction Organism One Organism Two

Anemone & Clown Fish This fish lives its entire adult life among the tentacles of a bulb- tentacle sea anemone. Clown fish do not get stung by the anemone as would most other fish so they get protection from predators. The fish often drop food scraps which the anemones can eat.

Commensalism One organism benefits, the other is not affected. Organism One Organism Two

Shark & Remora The remora attaches itself to the shark and saves energy since it doesn’t have to swim, and it gets to snack on the sharks kills. The shark doesn’t get anything.

Parasitism One organism benefits and the other organism (host) is harmed Organism One Organism Two

Loa Worm & Human This worm infects the human blood stream and gets a nice warm safe home there. The human may go blind or have other complications as a result.

Cooperation Working together so all organisms benefit

Ants! Despite having different jobs, all ants work together for the good of their colony.

Competition • Fighting for resources- food, water, shelter, mates

Red Deer During mating season, red deer males will get in many fights to be considered the best male for the females to mate.

Predation One animal hunts, the other is the food

Predation The killer whale swims beneath the seals and then goes up towards the surface, scooping part of the seal in its mouth.

What kind of interaction? You will see real life examples of the interactions addressed in the powerpoint.

Honey bees have specific roles to complete for the success of the colony. What interaction is this? cooperation

Boxer Crab & Anemones This Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses to defend itself from predators. The anemones get to move around which increases their food supply. What interaction is this? mutualism

Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the back of a sea cucumber (a long wormlike starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy bottom. The shrimp gets to travel around under the protection of its much larger partner, and the sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind. What interaction is this? commensalism

The Purple Sea Star The purple sea star consistently feeds on the barnacles that are the greatest number. They all feed on the same type of barnacles. What interaction is this? competition

Cattle & Cattle Egrets As these cattle walk around eating grass they stir up lots of insects. The egrets hang around and get a yummy meal of insects. What interaction is this? commensalism

Antelope & Ox Bird This ox bird hangs out on the antelope and gets a delicious meal of bugs living on the antelope. The antelope gets rid of parasites. What interaction is this? mutualism

Dragonflies and mosquitoes predation Dragonflies eat mosquito larvae and fully mature mosquitoes. What interaction is this?

Goby and Alpheid Shrimp This alpheid shrimp (on the right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the burrow mutualism What interaction is this?

Exit Ticket 1. A tick has caused a dog to be diagnosed with Lyme disease. What type of relationship would this suggest exists between the tick and the dog? a. mutualism b. parasitism c. commensalism d. adaptive Read the following passage to answer the following 2 questions: The Green Algae grows on a Tree Sloth. The Green Algae protects and camouflages the Tree Sloth like a suit of armor. 2. What is this symbiotic relationship? a. Mutualism b. Parasitism c. Commensalism d. Symbiosis 3. What would happen to the population of each species? a. Green Algae increases; Tree Sloth increases b. Green Algae increases; Tree Sloth stays the same c. Green Algae stays the same; Tree Sloth increases d. Green Algae decreases; Tree Sloth decreases