Interactions Collaboration Skills for School Professionals Eighth Edition

Learning Objectives 2. 1 Apply your understanding of differing views of communication and their common elements to communication situations you have encountered or will encounter as an educational professional. 2. 2 Define the term interpersonal communication and its critical elements, describing the process by which meaning is communicated through it and illustrating your understanding with examples from your professional or related experiences. 2. 3 Analyze interpersonal competance, including perspective and perception and the influence of culture on them, and outline strategies for attaining it. 2. 4 Explain how the perceptual process creates misunderstandings, and generate ways to improve your perceptual accuracy. Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Communication Defined • Communication is the management of messages with the objective of creating meaning. • Communication occurs within and across various contexts, cultures, channels, and media and includes both verbal and nonverbal messages as well as technology-mediated messages. Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Views of Communication • Linear View – A one-way “information transfer” event in which a sender encodes, or constructs, a message and delivers it to a relatively passive receiver who decodes or interprets it. • Interactional View – An interactive and two-way process, in which information is exchanged alternately between a sender and a receiver who takes turns speaking and listening. • Transactional View – The concepts and roles of sender and receiver are extended and blended as both participants are in both roles simultaneously; both of them participate as communicators. Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Defining Interpersonal Communication A complex, transactional process through which people create shared meanings through continuously and simultaneously exchanging messages. • Interpersonal communication is transactional • Communication occurs through multiple channels • People create meanings • Environment and noise in communication Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Principles of Interpersonal Communication • Interpersonal Communication Is Unavoidable – “It is impossible not to communicate. ” • Interpersonal Communication Is Irreversible – What we say or transmit to others cannot be taken back. • Interpersonal Communication Has Both Content and Relational Dimensions – The content level involves the explicit information being discussed, and the relational level expresses how the people involved feel about each other. • Interpersonal Communication Effectiveness Is Learned – Communication competence, is largely a set of skills that can be learned and continually refined. Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Interpersonal Competence • Perspective – A personal lens through which you filter information; it affects how you view and interpret the messages you receive or make meaning from the information others provide you. • Perception – The process of selecting, organizing, interpreting, and negotiating meaning from all of the information available in a given situation. ▪ Professional Perspective ▪ Culture and Perspective – High-Ambiguity-Tolerant and Low-Ambiguity-Tolerant Cultures – High-and Low-Context Cultures – Individualist and Collectivist Orientations – Ethics in Intercultural Communication Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

The Process of Perception • Attending and Selecting • Organizing • Interpreting • Negotiating

Managing Perceptions • Understand Your Personal Views • Analyze Your Personal State • Avoid Early Conclusions • Seek Clarification • Watch for Confirmation or Disconfirmation Biases Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Definition of Culture • Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms, and social practices, which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people. • Cultural perspective is composed of your cultural background, your awareness of it, and how you have internalized it. It also includes your awareness, understanding, and views of others’ cultures. – High-Ambiguity-Tolerant and Low-Ambiguity-Tolerant – High- and Low-Context Cultures – Individualist and Collectivist Orientation – Ethics in Intercultural Communication Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Competent Communication Defined as effective and appropriate communication that achieves its intended outcomes in ways that maintain or enhance the relationship in which it occurs. • Four factors central to the development of communication competence – Develop a Skills Repertoire – Choose and Adapt Behavior – Watch Yourself! – Communicate Ethically with Others as Unique Individuals Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Suggestions for Improving Your Communication Skills • Become a Student of Communication • Nurture and Communicate Openness • Keep Communication Meaningful • Use Silence Effectively • Adapt Your Communication to Match the Task and the Relationship Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Summary • Competent interpersonal communication is the basis for successful collaboration • Interpersonal communication is a transactional process by which communicators continuously and simultaneously exchange messages through multiple channels in order to create shared meanings. • Interpersonally competent individuals continually work toward accurate perception and increased intercultural awareness. Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved