Inter War Vocabulary Reparations To make amends say

Inter War Vocabulary • Reparations: To make amends (say you’re sorry) for doing something wrong. Sometimes involves paying money. • Inflation: A rise in prices because the increased volume (amount) of money has reduced the money’s value. • Stock Market: Where stocks (shares) and bonds are sold for a company’s value. • Depression: A constant economic recession in which a nation's Gross National Product (GNP) is falling. Marked by low production and sales, and a high rate of business failures and unemployment.

Inter War Vocabulary • Tariff: A tax on imported goods. • Fascism: A governmental system led by a dictator having complete power. He forcibly suppresses opposition and criticism. Has control over industry & commerce, and emphasizes aggressive nationalism along with racism. • Collectivism: The political principle of centralized social and economic control, especially of all means of production. • New Deal Programs: Programs passed between 19331936 in the USA under President Roosevelt (FDR). They were in response to the Great Depression and focused on the 3 R’s: Relief, Recovery, and Reform.

“Flying a kite made out of German Money”— 1923 Why would children be wasting money like this?

Inter War in Europe • European nations were in trouble after WWI. • Too much inflation of money Loss of jobs and bad economies. • Germany felt like the Treaty of Versailles caused their economic problems.

Inter War in Europe • Famine and disease spread across Europe after WWI. As many people died of disease as in the war. • Cities had to be rebuilt after the war. • Railroads and roads had to be rebuilt. • Germany had to make huge monetary payments to France and England. Lille, France; WW 1 Gallery At the end of the war the US sold food to Europe. After a few years Europe began producing its own food again. How might this affect the US economy?

Reconstruction and Prosperity • After the war the US became the world’s greatest economy • Americans began buying consumer goods • Americans began buying cars • New appliances like toasters, vacuum cleaners, and refrigerators became available. • Many people began going to movie theaters and listening to the radio Describe life in the 1920 s based on this information.

Reconstruction and Prosperity • 1920 s Women received the right to vote in the United States and Britain. • The Socialist Party came to power in several countries.

The Great Depression 1929 Stock Market Crash started a chain reaction in the world’s economy. As many as 40 million people were unemployed in the United States Stocks tumbled and no one could stop it. Banks began calling in their loans. The entire world entered into a depression or economic downturn in which businesses fail and people are unemployed.

What Factors Caused the Great Depression? Stock Market and real estate speculation (borrowing money to make a quick profit) Over production of consumer and agricultural products Loans and debts between Europe and America ensured that the recession spread Poor reaction by world leaders such as tightening of credit, stopped spending, and cut off international trade. No safety net for citizens such as unemployment insurance or social security

The Rise of Fascism • Characteristics of European Fascism: – Nationalism: high value on nation – Unity of All Social Classes: single nation political party, opposed worker unions and strikes – All Powerful Leaders: strong leader best to represent the people – Extreme Militarism: used violence to defeat political opponents and prepared to use war to expand country What are the positive and negative aspects of Fascism?

The Roots of Fascism • Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jewish people. Jews were blamed for the problems in many countries. • Racism: Contempt for other races, strengthened by imperialism and spirit of nationalism. • Social Darwinism: Belief that all human groups compete for survival and that the stronger group has the right to succeed the weaker group. Jews were forced to wear identification in Nazi Germany

The Old Order Collapses Germany The republic was Kaiser Wilhelm II was forced from power after WWI and a democratic republic took over (Weimar Republic). opposed by land owners, industrialists, military leaders, and professionals. What affect did the Russian Revolution have on Germany after WWI? They also blamed the republic for accepting the Treaty of Versailles They wanted a single leader because they feared the people might become socialist and what happened in Russia might happen in Germany.

The Old Order Collapses Lenin established U. S. S. R a totalitarian state After his death, in Russia Because of events in Russia, many European countries supported extreme anti. Communist leaders like Hitler and Mussolini. Joseph Stalin took over and began to eliminate all of his rivals. He even starved the Ukraine into submission in 1928. Opponents were sent to icy gulags (forced labor camp) in Siberia

The Old Order Collapses Communism Italy frightened became popular Italian industrialists, landlords, and other property owners. in Italy after WWI. Mussolini had a party newspaper, party organization, and his own private army. Once in power he passed laws controlling the press, abolished unions, used violence against his opponents, murdered opposition leaders, and established a totalitarian state. Mussolini, a former socialist, used many Bolshevik practices while denouncing their ideas. Fascists in Italy used the fear of revolution and desire for national glory to get Benito Mussolini into power. The country had also experienced workers strikes and riots. Many citizens were tired of these and wanted a strong leader.

Rise of the Nazi (National Socialist) Nazis Come to Power Party They created their own Hitler blamed the Weimar Republic for the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles. He believed that the Aryan race was superior and should rule the world. Hitler’s Vision for Germany He called the Jews an evil race and blamed them for losing WWI. He also saw Communism as a Jewish plot to control the world. army (Brown Shirts) They beat up political opponents and Jews. Hitler was elected Chief Minister of the republic. The party used violence and murder to create chaos in the republic. The Reichstag (government building) was burned in Berlin and blamed on the Communists. Hitler declared martial law and established a dictatorship

Germany Under Nazi Control Human Rights Violations: People were arrested and executed without trail. Rival political parties, unions, and independent newspapers were closed and replaced with pro-Nazi ones. Persecution of Jews: Jews were thrown out of government jobs. Jews lost citizenship, were forced to wear yellow stars on their clothes, and were banned from marrying other Germans. Jewish shops were vandalized and synagogues were burned down. Jews were forced into special ghettos and concentration camps. Economic Changes: Hitler made use of public works projects like building highways and military rearmament to secure full employment. Economic prosperity returned to Germany. Secret Police: The Gestapo (secret police) arrested suspected opponents, who were thrown into concentration camps where they were mistreated, tortured, and killed. Dacahu, the first camp, opened in 1938.

Why Germans liked Hitler 1. Gave people jobs 2. Said that Germans were a superior race 3. Got rid of the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles 4. Restored German military power 5. No opposition could speak out against him How might things have been different if the press had been able to speak out in Russia, Italy, or Germany?