Intensive General Chemistry Chemical separations I Isabelle Vu
Intensive General Chemistry Chemical separations I Isabelle Vu Trieu ilv 2@columbia. edu http: //ull. chemistry. uakron. edu
What is a distillation? 4 This a separation technique for purifying a liquid. 4 In this process, the liquid is heated to the boiling point and vaporized. 4 That vapor is then cooled and recondensed in the liquid form
Origin of distillation
Partition Phase 1 A A Phase 2 A A A A Partition constant: K = a. A(phase 2)/ a. A(phase 1)
Ideal solutions 4 Solutions are ideal when the intermolecular interactions among species are identical 4 An ideal solution obeys Raoult’s law P A = X A P Ao
Raoult’s Law applied to mixtures Relative volatility or RV
Relative Volatility or RV
Phase diagram
In the distillation process, the vapors get enriched in the more volatile component
In the distillation process, the vapors get enriched in the more volatile component
Fractional distillation: numerous evaporation-distillation stages
Distillation columns
Distillation set-up
Introduction to chromatography 4 Chromatography is a separation technique based on partition between a mobile phase and a stationary phase. 4 Invented by a botanist (M. Tswett) at the beginning of the 20 th century 4 From greek chroma: ”color” and graphein: ”write”
Introduction to chromatography Mobile phase Phase 1 A A A Stationary phase A Phase 2 A A A A Partition constant: K = a. A(stationary)/ a. A(mobile)
Column Elution
Column Elution
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
- Slides: 20