Intelligence What makes us intelligent Or Not so

Intelligence What makes us intelligent Or Not so intelligent

Who’s more intelligent? ?

• What, exactly, is intelligence? • Where does intelligence come from? Is it determined by heredity or environment? ? • Is there a difference between intelligence and creativity? • Can we use simple tests to reliably measure intelligence? • Are there ethnic or gender differences in intelligence test scores, and, if so, what do the differences mean?

Lets Talk Intelligence!!!

What is It? • Is it the ability to acquire knowledge from books or school? • Is it “street smarts” ? • Is it the ability to solve problems? • Or is it the ability to adapt to the demands of the environment? • Well it may be all these things and more… • The most widely used definition is… – the capacity of an individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal with the environment

Intelligence According to the definition, are both Einstein and Babe Ruth intelligent?

Is intelligence one general ability or several specific abilities combined together? Theories Of Intelligence

Sir Francis Galton and Eugenics • The father of psychometrics – The measurement of knowledge and ability by using defined tests • Believed that intelligence was based on genetics • Inspired Eugenics movement – “well-born” - -Selective breeding

Charles Spearmen’s • He reasoned that there must be one type of intelligence that allows people to do well on mental tests • “g” - general intelligence • Observed that if people did well on one intelligence test or specific parts of a test, they generally did well on others – “s” – specific abilities • Eventually developed into what we now know as your “IQ” “g”

How did Spearman discover his “g” ? ? • By using a process called FACTOR ANALYSIS – A statistical procedure that identified groups of test items that were related on a IQ test. – For example…if you did well on an analogy question - You probably would do well on all language comprehension questions

Thurstone’s “ 7” Primary Mental Abilities • Didn’t believe that one factor (“g”) could account for all intelligence Numerical Ability Verbal Comprehension Spatial Relations Memory 7 primary mental abilities Verbal Fluency Inductive Reasoning Perceptual Speed

Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences • Disagreed with the concept of “g” • Believed intelligence was like ice cream – Meaning it comes in many different flavors or types – Called multiple intelligences – Vary from person to person – People can be high in one type but low in others or have a combination of intelligences – Huge educational influence

Intrapersonal Interpersonal Bodily-Kinesthetic Verbal-Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Musical-Rhythmic Visual-Spatial Naturalistic 9 th ? ?

Criticisms of Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory 1 st – What is the difference between an intelligence and a skill? ? 2 nd – Why stop at 8? Why musical intelligence but not culinary intelligence or practical intelligence (street smarts)?

Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic (3 parts) Theory of Intelligence • Like Gardner, questioned “g” • Said intelligence had 3 parts that come together to meet daily demands – (sort of like Thurstone’s idea of “ 7”)

Analytic Intelligence • Analyzing, comparing, evaluating, solving – Often the intelligence stressed at school and on conventional IQ tests

Practical Intelligence • “Common Sense” type of intelligence – Maybe a “street smarts” intelligence • The ability to apply what we know to everyday life • Applying, using, and doing

Creative Intelligence • Creating, inventing and designing – Intelligence that allows people to adapt and produce new ideas and solutions to problems Sternberg thought… We need all three to be successful in life Believed we need to modify IQ tests to measure all 3 parts

A different type of Intelligence Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence • Says there is a difference between academic intelligence and emotional intelligence (EI) What is Emotional Intelligence? ?

Emotional Intelligence is… • The ability to … – Perceive emotions in others • read faces and interpret music and stories - empathy – Express your emotions • In appropriate ways – Understand your emotions • how emotions change and blend – Regulate your emotions • changing emotions in different dilemmas – Help others handle their emotions

• Might also be called social intelligence • MEIS – multifactor emotional intelligence scale • Some studies show EQ to be a greater predictor future success than IQ • May explain why academically bright people are no better off than average people when it comes to certain occupations, health, or relationships

Spearman’s “g” Thurstone’s PMA What is Intelligence? ? Gardner’s MI Goleman’s EI Sternberg’s 3 Parts

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