Intelligence and Testing Binet and Simon Developed the

Intelligence and Testing

Binet and Simon Developed the first intelligence test in 1904. Measured ability to succeed in school. Was designed to determine which students were behind grade level and needed remedial help. Intelligence was measured by comparing mental age MA, with Chronological age CA to determine how close a child was to meeting expectations. Children with more than 2 years difference between CA and MA were determined to be in need of assistance.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale � Lewis Terman from Stanford expanded upon Binet’s theories to create the concept of the Intelligence Quotient. � IQ is calculated by dividing MA by CA and multiplying by 100. � Over time the formula for calculating IQ has been refined to accurately take into account adulthood.

Interpretation of IQ score � 100 is the mean score. 90 -110 fall within the range of normal intelligence. � Mental retardation and giftedness are determined by distance from the mean. About 2 standard deviations from the mean or 2% of population. � Mental retardation is classified as having an IQ of 70 or less. Giftedness is classified as having an IQ of 130 or more.

Theories of Intelligence � Intellectual capabilities do not necessarily relate to capabilities in all areas. In cases of savant syndrome individuals can possess above average IQ but lack social functioning. � Spearman acknowledged that individuals have different talents and weaknesses but believed that a g factor existed that connected different types of intelligence and problem solving.

Raymond Cattell’s Fluid and Crystalized Intelligence � Crystallized Intelligence-acquired knowledge. Information stored in long term memory. Compilation of knowledge that can be recalled in order to solve problems. � Fluid Intelligence- The ability to see complex relationships. Solving abstract and logic problems that require analysis and thought processes.

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory � Three dimensions of intelligence: Practical, Analytical, Creative � Practical intelligence, can also be considered street smarts. How well are people able to navigate their environment and how well they make judgments. � Analytical-logical and problem solving ability. The type of intelligence measured on IQ tests. � Creative- the ability to produce new ideas and create relationships between existing information.

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences � Developed theory that there are various ways in which intelligence can be expressed. � Originally came up with 7 different types of intelligence. Linguistic Logical Mathematical Bodily Kinesthetic Visual Spatial Musical Interpersonal Intrapersonal Also additionally added three more types later on. Naturalistic, Spiritual, Existential

Intelligence Test Activity � Choose � Work one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences with a partner � Design a test of how to measure that type of intelligence. Decide on whether to utilize objective or subjective design � Take into consideration elements of testing such as validity and reliability. � Explain what types of questions or activities will be used. How will performance on the test be measured and how will the results be interpreted.

Closure activity � Choose whatever intelligence fits your style of learning best. � Think of one way in which that intelligence could be integrated into a psychology class.