Intel Microprocessors The history of Intels microprocessors From

Intel Microprocessors The history of Intel’s microprocessors (From the 4004 to the Pentium Pro) David Lenhardt Bryan Payne Marcus O’Malley Jonathan Taylor 1

Introduction • Brief history of the microprocessor • Main features of various microprocessors • Processors mentioned: 4004, 8008, 8080, 8085, 8086, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, and Pentium Pro 2

4 -bit Microprocessor • • • Busicom requested 12 calculator chips Marcian Hoff’s chip idea Federico Faggin’s 4000 chip set (4004 Specifications) 4 -bits processed at a time 12 -bit addresses 3

8 -bit Microprocessors • 8008 • Processed 8 -bits at a time • 14 -bit addresses • First to include an interrupt line • 8080 & 8085 • 16 -bit addresses • Backwards compatible 4

16 -bit and 8 -bit Microprocessors • 8086 (16 -bit) & 8088 (8 -bit) • 20 -bit addresses • Two processors which consisted of: Bus Interface Unit and Execution Unit • Segmented Memory 5

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Processor Comparison Attributes 4004 8008 8080 8086 80286 Date 1971 1972 1974 1978 1982 Transistors 2, 300 3, 300 4, 500 29, 000 134, 000 Word Size 4 -bit 8 -bit 16 -bit Address Size 12 -bit 14 -bit 16 -bit 20 -bit 24 -bit Addressable Memory 4 KB 16 KB 64 KB 1 MB 16 MB Instructions 46 48 72 133+ Max Frequency 740. 74 KHz 800 KHz 2 MHz 10 MHz 12 MHz 8

80286 • Two modes – 8086 Real Address Mode – Protected Virtual Address Mode • Protected Virtual Address Mode – More address space – Multi-user protection • Dedicated 286; task – Virtual memory • Interrupt handler 9

80286 vs. 80386 Attributes 80286 80386 Date 1982 1986 Transistors 134, 000 275, 000 Word Size 16 -bit 32 -bit Address Size 24 -bit 32 -bit Addressable Memory 16 MB 4 GB Max Frequency 12 MHz 33 MHz Virtual Memory 1 GB 4 GB 10

Introduction to 80486 • • Increased speed (2 x 80386) 80386 with an internal math coprocessor Upgradeable (Compatibility) Utilize new technology (RISC, cache) 11

80486 Processor • Segmentation and Paging • Real Mode vs. Protected Mode 12

80486 Specifications Attributes 80486 Date 1981 Transistors 1, 185, 000 Word Size 16 -bit Address Size 32 -bit MIPS 26. 9 Cache 8 KB 13

Intel Pentium • • • Released in 1993 60/66 MHz Bus Speed Two Instruction Pipeline Floating Point Calculation Floating Point Bug 14

Intel Pentium Pro • • Super pipelining Integrated Level 2 Cache 32 -Bit Optimization Wider Address Bus Greater Multiprocessing Out of Order Completion Speculative Execution 15

Intel Pentium Pro, Technical Data Processor Clock Speed Bus Speed Clock Multiplier P Pro 166 MHz 2. 5 x P Pro 180 MHz 60 MHz 3 x P Pro 200 MHz 66 MHz 3 x 16

Summary • 4004 – Pentium Pro • Major Features • • • Virtual Memory Bus Pipeline Cache Reusability Segmented Memory 17

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