Integumentary System Integumentary System Skin skin is the
- Slides: 74
Integumentary System
Integumentary System : Skin skin is the ________ in the body. Also included are the _______organs: hair, _________ glands, ______ and variations
Functions of the Skin: The study of skin is ___________. The skin has a variety of functions including: *barrier against _______________ *protects __________ from _____ *prevents the body from _______ *inhibits excess ____intake (from aquatic species) *regulates _________ *receptor for sensations of _______, _____, and _____. *disposal of _______ products
The body produces ____ by metabolizing ingested food. The amount of heat produced is the result of the amount of _______ done by the _____. Most of body heat is lost by:
____________: heat energy is transmitted as rays to the surrounding areas.
__________: heat energy passes by __________ through a non-moving medium. Eg: when an animal lies on a cold surface it loses heat directly to that surface. Or when an animal is lying on a surgery table the heat is lost directly to the surface of the table and through the incision made
_________: Heat transfer occurs in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one _____________. This is the heat loss responsible for the wind chill factor
___________; heat is lost as perspiration or other ______on the skin. Air currents can _________evaporative heat loss through convection.
Most of the remainder of heat loss occurs through _______________ and lesser amounts lost through _________ and _________tracts.
Composition of skin The skin is composed of _____layers: The _______: is the outer, thinner layer. The _______: is the thicker inner layer.
dermis epidermis
The _________: is made up of ______________ epithilial tissue, the layers from the dermis outward are:
Stratum germinativum - ______ The cells in this inner most layer multiply _________ to compensate for the constant loss of cells from the _____ of the ________. These cells push upward into each layer and eventually die.
Stratum spinosum: _______ The cells begin to _____ and draw apart. This layer is only ___or ___cells thick. It is thicker on parts of the body that endure ______wear, like _____.
Stratum granulosum: __________ The cells in this layer contain ________visible in the _______. This layer may not be present in some areas of thin skin. ___________ or _______ packs the cells with fibrous protein called ______.
Stratum lucidum: ___________ This layer is made up of closely packed ______ cells. This layer is found in tissue that endure ______ wear.
Stratum corneum: ___________ This layer is made of flat, lifeless, ________ cells. They appear as overlapping dry _____ that make up the outer skin layer. If ________, they will prevent the entrance of microorganisms. ____________ gives the special epidermal parts (hooves, horns, beaks) their strength.
Cornified
Skin color is determined by the amount of _______ in the stratum __________ layer. ________, the sun and some _______ affect the skin color
The absence of normal pigmentation is called ________. True albinism prevents pigmentation of the _____, _______ and ____. This condition may be associated with other lethal traits as well as a lack of protection from the ______.
Skin color can also be affected by the __________. Eg: Skin color can take on a ____ hue (______) when oxygen supply is compromised
The dermis (______), is made up of dense, fibrous, _________ tissue containing _____ vessels and ______. Small involuntary muscles (__________) are attached to the hair follicles. When these muscles contract, the hairs stiffen. This increases the animals ability to ______ itself against _______.
_______ glands, ________________ receptors are found in the ______ layer.
The _________ layer under the ______ is the ________ or ______. It consists of loose ________ tissue and _______tissue.
Skin structure differs throughout the body. It is _______, _________, and varies in _________.
Hair Mammals have three types of hair. *___________________ *__________
_______ hairs are also called _____ hairs and these make up the top coat. These hairs are _______ with a smooth appearance. This arrangement allows rain to run off the coat preventing ______ of the animal
________ hairs are also called ______ hairs and make up the _______. These hairs are soft, thin and wavy.
______ hair are usually thicker and longer than primary hair and is most often found around the _____. These hairs grow deep from the _______ or superficial muscle layer and act as a _____ receptor.
Hair develops from the hair ______, located at the base of the hair follicle. Cells at the base increase, push upward and _______, forming the visible hair shaft. Hair follicles are positioned at ___ – ___ degree angle to the skin.
There are two arrangements for hair growth: _______: primary hairs grow from ______follicular openings _______: two to five _______ hairs erupt from a single follicle. And are surrounded by clusters of ____ hairs.
Hair ____ is important for _______ regulation. In general, lighter color coats are _____. Animal hair grows in ______. Five factors affecting the shedding cycle: _____________, state of ______.
______ glands are _______ organs of the skin that cool the body. _______ sweat glands are found throughout the body and secrete a strong smelling substance in the hair
______ sweat glands are coiled tubular structures embedded in the ______ and produce a watery sweat. These glands are found in limited areas usually the ______ and ______.
The ________ glands secrete a substance called _____ which _______ the skin and hair, _______ the coat, gives the coat a glossy sheen, increases the spread of _____, slows _______ growth, and serves as a _______ marker. Examples of these glands are:
_______ glands: These glands are found in the ____ of cats. During grooming or when a cat rubs it’s head against and object, the secretion is deposited to mark territory
_____ glands: These glands produce a _______ odor that attracts females to males during breeding season. They are located ________ to the horn base.
_____ sacs: These are ______ pouches that express a foul smelling fluid that is expressed during ______ and is used as a ______ marker.
________ glands: These are classified as modified ____ glands. They are located in the external _______ canal. It excretes a yellowish waxy substance called _____ (earwax).
Nails, Claws and Hooves. All three of these structures have the following parts in common: *____________ *______
In _______ the nail is the wall and it grows from the ______. The sole is located beneath the _______ at the open end. The pad corresponds with the ______ tips
In carnivores the ____ is the wall, which has been compressed _______. The sole is the underside of the wall and is _____ in texture. The pad corresponds to the _____ pads
_______ animals have well developed footpads. ________ animals include cats and dogs. Only the digital and metacarpal pads make ground contact _______ include hoofed animals
The _______ is the wall, the _____ is the underside of the hoof, the ______ is the bulb or heel.
_______, and _____ are modified epidermal structures. In the dog and pig, the _____ has a rudimentary bone. In ruminants the dewclaws are like miniature hooves and they serve no practical purpose
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