Integumentary System Integumentary System Skin skin is the

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Integumentary System

Integumentary System

Integumentary System : Skin skin is the ________ in the body. Also included are

Integumentary System : Skin skin is the ________ in the body. Also included are the _______organs: hair, _________ glands, ______ and variations

Functions of the Skin: The study of skin is ___________. The skin has a

Functions of the Skin: The study of skin is ___________. The skin has a variety of functions including: *barrier against _______________ *protects __________ from _____ *prevents the body from _______ *inhibits excess ____intake (from aquatic species) *regulates _________ *receptor for sensations of _______, _____, and _____. *disposal of _______ products

The body produces ____ by metabolizing ingested food. The amount of heat produced is

The body produces ____ by metabolizing ingested food. The amount of heat produced is the result of the amount of _______ done by the _____. Most of body heat is lost by:

____________: heat energy is transmitted as rays to the surrounding areas.

____________: heat energy is transmitted as rays to the surrounding areas.

__________: heat energy passes by __________ through a non-moving medium. Eg: when an animal

__________: heat energy passes by __________ through a non-moving medium. Eg: when an animal lies on a cold surface it loses heat directly to that surface. Or when an animal is lying on a surgery table the heat is lost directly to the surface of the table and through the incision made

_________: Heat transfer occurs in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents

_________: Heat transfer occurs in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one _____________. This is the heat loss responsible for the wind chill factor

___________; heat is lost as perspiration or other ______on the skin. Air currents can

___________; heat is lost as perspiration or other ______on the skin. Air currents can _________evaporative heat loss through convection.

Most of the remainder of heat loss occurs through _______________ and lesser amounts lost

Most of the remainder of heat loss occurs through _______________ and lesser amounts lost through _________ and _________tracts.

Composition of skin The skin is composed of _____layers: The _______: is the outer,

Composition of skin The skin is composed of _____layers: The _______: is the outer, thinner layer. The _______: is the thicker inner layer.

dermis epidermis

dermis epidermis

The _________: is made up of ______________ epithilial tissue, the layers from the dermis

The _________: is made up of ______________ epithilial tissue, the layers from the dermis outward are:

Stratum germinativum - ______ The cells in this inner most layer multiply _________ to

Stratum germinativum - ______ The cells in this inner most layer multiply _________ to compensate for the constant loss of cells from the _____ of the ________. These cells push upward into each layer and eventually die.

Stratum spinosum: _______ The cells begin to _____ and draw apart. This layer is

Stratum spinosum: _______ The cells begin to _____ and draw apart. This layer is only ___or ___cells thick. It is thicker on parts of the body that endure ______wear, like _____.

Stratum granulosum: __________ The cells in this layer contain ________visible in the _______. This

Stratum granulosum: __________ The cells in this layer contain ________visible in the _______. This layer may not be present in some areas of thin skin. ___________ or _______ packs the cells with fibrous protein called ______.

Stratum lucidum: ___________ This layer is made up of closely packed ______ cells. This

Stratum lucidum: ___________ This layer is made up of closely packed ______ cells. This layer is found in tissue that endure ______ wear.

Stratum corneum: ___________ This layer is made of flat, lifeless, ________ cells. They appear

Stratum corneum: ___________ This layer is made of flat, lifeless, ________ cells. They appear as overlapping dry _____ that make up the outer skin layer. If ________, they will prevent the entrance of microorganisms. ____________ gives the special epidermal parts (hooves, horns, beaks) their strength.

Cornified

Cornified

Skin color is determined by the amount of _______ in the stratum __________ layer.

Skin color is determined by the amount of _______ in the stratum __________ layer. ________, the sun and some _______ affect the skin color

The absence of normal pigmentation is called ________. True albinism prevents pigmentation of the

The absence of normal pigmentation is called ________. True albinism prevents pigmentation of the _____, _______ and ____. This condition may be associated with other lethal traits as well as a lack of protection from the ______.

Skin color can also be affected by the __________. Eg: Skin color can take

Skin color can also be affected by the __________. Eg: Skin color can take on a ____ hue (______) when oxygen supply is compromised

The dermis (______), is made up of dense, fibrous, _________ tissue containing _____ vessels

The dermis (______), is made up of dense, fibrous, _________ tissue containing _____ vessels and ______. Small involuntary muscles (__________) are attached to the hair follicles. When these muscles contract, the hairs stiffen. This increases the animals ability to ______ itself against _______.

_______ glands, ________________ receptors are found in the ______ layer.

_______ glands, ________________ receptors are found in the ______ layer.

The _________ layer under the ______ is the ________ or ______. It consists of

The _________ layer under the ______ is the ________ or ______. It consists of loose ________ tissue and _______tissue.

Skin structure differs throughout the body. It is _______, _________, and varies in _________.

Skin structure differs throughout the body. It is _______, _________, and varies in _________.

Hair Mammals have three types of hair. *___________________ *__________

Hair Mammals have three types of hair. *___________________ *__________

_______ hairs are also called _____ hairs and these make up the top coat.

_______ hairs are also called _____ hairs and these make up the top coat. These hairs are _______ with a smooth appearance. This arrangement allows rain to run off the coat preventing ______ of the animal

________ hairs are also called ______ hairs and make up the _______. These hairs

________ hairs are also called ______ hairs and make up the _______. These hairs are soft, thin and wavy.

______ hair are usually thicker and longer than primary hair and is most often

______ hair are usually thicker and longer than primary hair and is most often found around the _____. These hairs grow deep from the _______ or superficial muscle layer and act as a _____ receptor.

Hair develops from the hair ______, located at the base of the hair follicle.

Hair develops from the hair ______, located at the base of the hair follicle. Cells at the base increase, push upward and _______, forming the visible hair shaft. Hair follicles are positioned at ___ – ___ degree angle to the skin.

There are two arrangements for hair growth: _______: primary hairs grow from ______follicular openings

There are two arrangements for hair growth: _______: primary hairs grow from ______follicular openings _______: two to five _______ hairs erupt from a single follicle. And are surrounded by clusters of ____ hairs.

Hair ____ is important for _______ regulation. In general, lighter color coats are _____.

Hair ____ is important for _______ regulation. In general, lighter color coats are _____. Animal hair grows in ______. Five factors affecting the shedding cycle: _____________, state of ______.

______ glands are _______ organs of the skin that cool the body. _______ sweat

______ glands are _______ organs of the skin that cool the body. _______ sweat glands are found throughout the body and secrete a strong smelling substance in the hair

______ sweat glands are coiled tubular structures embedded in the ______ and produce a

______ sweat glands are coiled tubular structures embedded in the ______ and produce a watery sweat. These glands are found in limited areas usually the ______ and ______.

The ________ glands secrete a substance called _____ which _______ the skin and hair,

The ________ glands secrete a substance called _____ which _______ the skin and hair, _______ the coat, gives the coat a glossy sheen, increases the spread of _____, slows _______ growth, and serves as a _______ marker. Examples of these glands are:

_______ glands: These glands are found in the ____ of cats. During grooming or

_______ glands: These glands are found in the ____ of cats. During grooming or when a cat rubs it’s head against and object, the secretion is deposited to mark territory

_____ glands: These glands produce a _______ odor that attracts females to males during

_____ glands: These glands produce a _______ odor that attracts females to males during breeding season. They are located ________ to the horn base.

_____ sacs: These are ______ pouches that express a foul smelling fluid that is

_____ sacs: These are ______ pouches that express a foul smelling fluid that is expressed during ______ and is used as a ______ marker.

________ glands: These are classified as modified ____ glands. They are located in the

________ glands: These are classified as modified ____ glands. They are located in the external _______ canal. It excretes a yellowish waxy substance called _____ (earwax).

Nails, Claws and Hooves. All three of these structures have the following parts in

Nails, Claws and Hooves. All three of these structures have the following parts in common: *____________ *______

In _______ the nail is the wall and it grows from the ______. The

In _______ the nail is the wall and it grows from the ______. The sole is located beneath the _______ at the open end. The pad corresponds with the ______ tips

In carnivores the ____ is the wall, which has been compressed _______. The sole

In carnivores the ____ is the wall, which has been compressed _______. The sole is the underside of the wall and is _____ in texture. The pad corresponds to the _____ pads

_______ animals have well developed footpads. ________ animals include cats and dogs. Only the

_______ animals have well developed footpads. ________ animals include cats and dogs. Only the digital and metacarpal pads make ground contact _______ include hoofed animals

The _______ is the wall, the _____ is the underside of the hoof, the

The _______ is the wall, the _____ is the underside of the hoof, the ______ is the bulb or heel.

_______, and _____ are modified epidermal structures. In the dog and pig, the _____

_______, and _____ are modified epidermal structures. In the dog and pig, the _____ has a rudimentary bone. In ruminants the dewclaws are like miniature hooves and they serve no practical purpose