INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM INTEGUMENTARY Presentations v Minimum of 7

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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

INTEGUMENTARY Presentations v Minimum of 7 slides v Will replace test v All lab

INTEGUMENTARY Presentations v Minimum of 7 slides v Will replace test v All lab members must present to receive full credit v Provide medicinal and layman terminology regarding the topic. v LOTS of pics please…make them good v One statistical bit of information regarding the topic. v Members will grade each other and class will grade group!

The Skin (Basic Characteristics) Waterproof v Stretchable v Washable v Permanent-press v Invisibly repairs

The Skin (Basic Characteristics) Waterproof v Stretchable v Washable v Permanent-press v Invisibly repairs small cuts, rips, and burns v Guaranteed to last a lifetime with reasonable care v Weighs on average between 9 and 11 pounds (approx. 7%-15% of total body weight) v Measures between 1. 5 and 4 mm thick v Thick skin –Does not have hair follicles or oil glands v

v One last interesting FACTOID about skin: v Every square centimeter of skin contains…

v One last interesting FACTOID about skin: v Every square centimeter of skin contains… v 70 cm of blood vessels, v 55 cm of nerves, v 100 sweat glands, v 15 oil glands, v 230 sensory receptors, and v approximately 500, 000 cells that are constantly dying and being replaced (you lose 40 lbs of cells within your lifetime) v Function: v Protection v Structure: v Composed dermis of two major regions: epidermis and

Epidermis No Labeling YET!!! v Composed of epithelial cells v Not vascular v Made

Epidermis No Labeling YET!!! v Composed of epithelial cells v Not vascular v Made up of 4 types of cells v Consists of 4 -5 distinct layers v New epidermis is regenerated every 2545 days

Cells of the Epidermis

Cells of the Epidermis

Epidermal Cells AKA: The Dendritic Cell

Epidermal Cells AKA: The Dendritic Cell

4 Types of Cells: v. Keratinocytes v. Produce keratin, waxy coating v. Melanocytes v.

4 Types of Cells: v. Keratinocytes v. Produce keratin, waxy coating v. Melanocytes v. Synthesize pigment called melanin v. Protect cell from UV radiation v. Tactile Cell AKA Merkel cell) functions as a sensory receptor for touch v. Langerhans’ cells Macrophages that help to activate immune system

Layers of Epidermis In thick skin (soles of feet and palms of hands) there

Layers of Epidermis In thick skin (soles of feet and palms of hands) there are five layers (strata); everywhere else has four v Deep to Superficial: v Stratum basale v Stratum spinosum v Stratum granulosum v Stratum lucidum (only present in thick skin) v Stratum corneum v

Dermis Strong, flexible connective tissue v Cell types: v Fibroblasts v Macrophages v Mast

Dermis Strong, flexible connective tissue v Cell types: v Fibroblasts v Macrophages v Mast cells v White blood cells v v Binds the entire body together v Your HIDE Vascularized v Hair follicles, oil glands, and sweat glands v 2 major layers: v Papillary layer v Reticular layer v

Papillary Layer v Highly vascularized v Borders the stratum basale of epidermis v Touch

Papillary Layer v Highly vascularized v Borders the stratum basale of epidermis v Touch and pain receptors v On palms and soles, these papillae lie atop dermal ridges, which produce whorled epidermal ridges (fingerprints)

Reticular Layer v 80% of dermis layer v. Collagen binds water, helping to hydrate

Reticular Layer v 80% of dermis layer v. Collagen binds water, helping to hydrate the skin v. Elastin fibers give skin elasticity

The Hypodermis v Known as subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia v Structure: v Has

The Hypodermis v Known as subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia v Structure: v Has more adipose than dermis v Functions: v Energy reservoir v Thermal insulation v Hypodermic Hypodermis v Into injections subcutaneous tissue since highly vascular

Subcutaneous Fat Distribution

Subcutaneous Fat Distribution

PIGMENTS of the SKIN v. Melanin = brown v. Carotene = orange v. Hemoglobin

PIGMENTS of the SKIN v. Melanin = brown v. Carotene = orange v. Hemoglobin = red

Carotene Yellow to orange pigment found in certain plant products v Accumulates in stratum

Carotene Yellow to orange pigment found in certain plant products v Accumulates in stratum corneum and in adipose tissue of hypodermis v Most obvious in palms and soles where S. corneum is thickest v

Hemoglobin v Red pigment of red blood cells (RBCs) v Since Caucasian people contain

Hemoglobin v Red pigment of red blood cells (RBCs) v Since Caucasian people contain relatively small amounts of melanin, their skin is nearly transparent which allows hemoglobin’s color to shine through

Sweat Glands v Exist all over skin except nipples and part of external genitalia

Sweat Glands v Exist all over skin except nipples and part of external genitalia (more than 2. 5 million/person) v 2 types: v. Eccrine and apocrine

Eccrine Sweat Glands v. Much more numerous v. Most abundant on palms, soles, and

Eccrine Sweat Glands v. Much more numerous v. Most abundant on palms, soles, and forehead

Eccrine Sweat Glands Secretion-called sweat-is 99% water, with some salts, vitamin C, antibodies, traces

Eccrine Sweat Glands Secretion-called sweat-is 99% water, with some salts, vitamin C, antibodies, traces of urea, uric acid, ammonia v Also contains lactic acid, which is the chemical that attracts mosquitoes v Normally of p. H 4 to 6 v

Apocrine Sweat Glands Most common in armpit and anogenital regions v Larger than eccrine

Apocrine Sweat Glands Most common in armpit and anogenital regions v Larger than eccrine glands v Ducts empty into hair follicles v Apocrine secretion has generally same composition as normal sweat, however it has fatty acids and proteins which makes it more viscous v Odorless, however, when decomposed by bacteria on skin a “Body Odor” is created v

Ceruminous Glands v Modified apocrine glands found in the lining of external ear canal

Ceruminous Glands v Modified apocrine glands found in the lining of external ear canal v Secrete sticky cerumen (earwax) v Thought to deter insects (bitter flavor) and block entry of foreign particles

Mammary Glands Specialized apocrine sweat gland that secretes milk v Exist in both men

Mammary Glands Specialized apocrine sweat gland that secretes milk v Exist in both men and women v Males – little mammary tissue v Females – milk develops with increase of hormones when pregnant and after birth v Prolactin v Progesterone v Estrogen v

Nails v v v Modification of epidermis Corresponds to hoofs or claws of other

Nails v v v Modification of epidermis Corresponds to hoofs or claws of other animals Contains hard keratin (like hairs) Clear, hard derivative of stratum corneum Growth rate is 1 mm/week v v v New cells added by mitosis in the nail matrix Growth zone at proximal edge of nail Structure: v v Nail bed is skin on which nail plate rests Hyponychium is epithelium of nail bed

THE END TIME FOR THE PRESENTATIONS

THE END TIME FOR THE PRESENTATIONS