Integumentary System Functions of Integumentary System Contains skin

Integumentary System

Functions of Integumentary System Contains skin, hair, and nails 4 Main Functions 1. Protection Keeps water in Keeps foreign particles out 2. Nerve endings sense environment 3. Regulate body temperature 4. Rids of waste chemicals

Layers of Skin Epidermis Outermost layer Most cells are dead Dermis Thicker layer Below Epidermis

Hair Follicle Tiny sac where hair grows Hair Protects from UV light Helps regulate body temperature Nail Root Base of nail where growth occurs Nail Protects tips of fingers and toes

Skin Injuries Skin is often damaged Can repair itself Damage to skin’s DNA can cause skin cancer

Muscular System

Types of Muscle Smooth Muscle Involuntary Found in digestive system Cardiac Muscle Involuntary Found in heart Skeletal Muscle Voluntary or involuntary Attached to bones Used for movement

Movement Tendons Tough connective tissue Connects skeletal muscle to bones Flexor Extensor Muscle that bends part of your body Straightens part of your body

Muscle Injury Strain Muscle or tendon is overstretched Tendonitis Swollen tendons Can happen in people who exercise too much Anabolic Steroids Increases muscle strength Causes long-term health problems

Skeletal System

Skeletal System Made from bones, cartilage, and connective tissue Compact Bone Spongy Bone Marrow No visible open spaces Many open spaces Soft tissue found inside bones

Cartilage Flexible tissue Support Most replaced by bone as organism grows 4 Main functions of Skeletal System 1. Protection 2. Storage 3. Movement 4. Blood Cell Formation

Protection • Ribs protect heart and lungs • Skull protects brain • Vertebrate protects spinal cord Storage • Bones store minerals for nerves and muscles • Long bones store fat to use for energy Movement • Allows you to sit, stand walk Blood cell • Marrow in bones makes blood cells Formation

Joints Joint Place where two or more bones meet Ligament 3 Types of Joints Holds together bones and joints 1. Gliding Joint 2. Ball-and-Socket Joint 3. Hinge Joint

Bone Injuries Fracture Crack in the bone Break Bone is detached at some place

Bone Diseases Arthritis Causes joints to swell or stiffen Osteoporosis Causes bones to lose density