INTEGRITY AND ETHICS Certificate course on Integrity Building

INTEGRITY AND ETHICS Certificate course on Integrity Building- 2074 Asar Tarak Bahadur KC, Ph. D tarakbkc@gmail. com

Presentation outline Concept and foundation of integrity and ethics, Characteristics of ethical and unethical behaviour, Factors affecting integrity and ethics and consequences of unethical behaviour, and Strategies to promote integrity in the public sector.

Methodology Interactive lecture Exercise: �Individual �Group Video clip

A thought……. 4 11/29/2020

5 What clients expect from service providers? What citizens do before going to public office to get service? Why? �List problems / complaints / grievances about public service How is our service delivery? Do service receivers trust service providers? 11/29/2020

We have abundant natural resources, a large workforce, democratic institutions and practices, and supportive international community, etc. The only thing we lack is good governance.

Differentiate governance Good governance Rule of law Transparent Accountable Participation Responsive Effective and efficient Inclusive Integrity Bad governance Inefficiency Red-tape Maladministration Corruption Secrecy Abuse of public assets Abuse of authority Nepotism patronage

8 We strive for good governance, i. e. Integri ty Consen sus oriented Account able Transpa rent GOOD GOVERNANC E Participat ory Follow s the rule of Respon sive Equitab le & inclusiv e Effecti ve & efficie 11/29/2020

9 Public officials are expected to make decisions and act solely in the public interest- not allowing decisions or actions to be influenced by personal or private interests. Public institutions have to deliver public service efficiently and effectively to build public trust. 11/29/2020

Using powers responsibly, for the purpose and in the manner for which they are intended. Acting with honesty and transparency, making reasoned decisions without bias by following fair and objective processes. Preventing and addressing improper conduct, disclosing facts without hiding or distorting them.

Building trust through the provision of services that are of high quality. Responsiveness, accountability, honesty, loyalty and fairness are vital to gain public trust.

Are You a Person of Integrity? (Take this self-evaluation and decide for yourself. ) True False I always try to do what is right, even when it is costly or difficult I am true to my very best self. I live up to the highest ethical standards. I don't compromise my values by giving in to temptation. I think I am / am not a person of integrity because: _________ Your integrity is your gift to yourself and to the world.

How high are your ethical standards? 16 You are dining in a restaurant. You ordered four dishes and the waiter brings all four but, by mistake, billed you only for three. What would you do? You know that the taxi fare from your home to the airport is NRs. 300. You had paid that price several times before; you know it is the correct fare. This time the taxi driver asks for NRs. 200. What would you do? Shopkeeper returned more money than he 11/29/2020 had to. What would you do?

17 Lady dropped purse in-front of you, somebody picked up in front of you. What would you do? You are in the field on official duty, got free vehicle; claim TA … You got discounted air fare, claim …. Office time 10 – 5, but come late and leave early regularly … You found your supervisor using office vehicle for relatives … 11/29/2020

18 Your best friend is terminally ill and you are a life assurance salesman. Your friend needs NRs. 500, 000 worth of insurance. No one knows and no one can find out that your friend is dying. Would you write the policy? Spouse benefitting extra because of your position / status … What is this ? Is it what we expect, or 11/29/2020

Let us define integrity Work in group Present your thoughts in picture/ diagram/symbol to explain what does integrity mean to you as an individual and at your workspace. Each group have 15 minutes to prepare and 5 minutes to present.

Integrity 20 q q q The word "integrity" stems from the Latin adjective ‘integer’ means whole, complete. … is the inner sense of "wholeness" deriving from qualities such as honesty and consistency of character. … is a concept of ‘consistency’ of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes. … is knowing right things to do and doing the right things. … is being true to oneself, i. e. acting according 11/29/2020 to own-self.

q q q … refers to the application of values, principles and norms in the daily operations of public sector organisations. … is not an absolute notion that you either have or totally lack. Such a black or white approach would, yet again, render the notion meaningless since no institution is without some blemish or occasional rule that requires bending. . is about creating viable alternatives to corruption and ethical failures.

Integrity 23 Integrity is the alignment of four factors: Accountability Competence Ethical Behaviour Corruption Integrity Action

Let’s work on factors… 24 � Work in group � one factor for one group Each group have ten minutes for discussion and five minutes for presentation in the plenary 11/29/2020

Integrity Accountability Competence • Transparency • Professionalis • • Access to m • information • Quality • • Consistency • Effectiveness • • Social responsibility • Reliability • • Clarity • Responsiven • ) Bribes , • Open to Without corruption ess • stakeholders. Patronage , Greed , Theft , Plagiarism , • Stewardship Exploitation, Manipulation( • (with corruption control) Ethical behaviour Trustworthy Fairness Honesty Lawfulness Anti-corruption Social justice Respecting rights - Integrity Action Confidentiality

Discussion 26 Experience Sharing �Resignation of Kirti Nidhi Bista, Keshar Bahadur Bista, Devendra Raj Pandey, Rameshwor Khanal, Ajam Khan (State Minister of Home Affairs UP, India), South Korean PM, British PM David Cameron; and perspective of Lenin and Stalin, etc. 11/29/2020

Summary. . . Serving the public interest Legitimacy Fairness Responsiven ess Integrit y Ethics Transparenc y Efficienc y Effectivene ss Accountabili ty Integrity is one of the pillars / components of governance to gain respect / trust.

Video on ethical and unethical Behaviour.

Write down Ethical and Unethical Behaviour on the flip chart 29 Ethical Behaviour Unethical Behaviour 11/29/2020

Ethics and ethical behaviour A set of moral principles and standards of “right” behavior and conduct. Right or wrong, good or bad in actions that affects others. A group of moral principles or set of values that define or direct us to the right choice.

A set of norms to show ideal human behavior in society. Higher ethical standard and practices are critical in administering work to gain public trust. Ethical behavior is the standards that you hold for yourself of the attributes of honesty,

32 Code of ethics 11/29/2020

Ethical vs Un-ethical Behaviour 33 Ethical Behaviour Honesty Accountability Doing a job well Humility (humble, decency, servitude-placing other peoples need before one's own) Integrity Proper conduct and overall morality Reliability Dedication Character • • • Un-ethical Behaviour Lying Cheating / Stealing Does not abide by the rules of morality Bribes / Corruption Deliberate deception Violation of conscience Failure to honor commitments Unlawful conduct Disregard of organisation policy Inappropriate /mis-use of resources Sexual harassment and bullying

Group work: Consequences of Unethical behavior Instruction This activity aims to make you aware with the consequences of unethical behaviour. Read the question given below carefully. Reflect on your experience and list at least five responses to the question in the given space. Then share your answers with your group members and come out with common list of at least five responses. Take five minutes for answering the question individually and five minutes for agreeing on common responses. Take five minutes for presentation by each group leader. Assignment / Question What are / may be the consequences of unethical behavior? Individual response 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________. 5_____________ Group response 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________

Consequences of Unethical Behaviour Legal consequences Morale decline and negative image Trust deficit towards public institutions Economic and social cost increases Violation of rule of law Corruption increases Failure of institutional and regulatory arrangements to maintain ethics and prevent corruption Excluded suffer the most

Improving / Building Integrity and Ethical Behaviour Instruction This activity aims to devise startegies for improving / developing integrity and unethical behaviour in the work place. Read the question given below carefully. Reflect on your experience and list responses to the question in the given space. Then share your answers with your group members and come out with common list of responses. Take five minutes for answering the question individually and five minutes for agreeing on common responses. Take five minutes for presentation by each group leader. Assignment /Question How to improve / build integrity and ethical behaviour in the work place? Individual response 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________. 5_____________ Group response 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________

Improving. . . Capacity enhancement : physical, human resource, role clarity, etc. Compliance to rule of law: strong regulative and legal enforcement mechanisms, Promotion and adherence of ethical culture: norms, values and standards

Development of good personal behaviour- attitudinal (intention) change Promotion of transparency Protection of whistleblower Reward and punishment Minimizing the role of intermediaries Effective monitoring and evaluation system

39 We should ask ourselves the following questions to improve / build integrity and ethical behaviour: Will my action or decision be against law? Will my action or decision be an affront of my own conscience? Will my action or decisions be in the interest of or for the greatest good for

40 Am I easily accessible to public ? Have I remain away from influences from political philosophy? Am I twisting facts for personal advantages? Am I willing to stand up for and defend what is right? 11/29/2020

Also, Assess your ethical position Acknowledge that “it starts with me!” Build ethical thinking into daily activities Establish a legend; let it be disseminated Act with responsibly

Group work: Factors affecting Integrity and Ethical behaviour Instruction This activity aims to make you aware with the factors affecting integrity and ethics. Read the question given below carefully. Reflect on your experience and list at least five responses to the question in the given space. Then share your answers with your group members and come out with common list of at least five responses. Take five minutes for answering the question individually and five minutes for agreeing on common responses. Take five minutes for presentation by each group leader. Assignment / Question What are the factors affecting integrity and ethics? Individual response 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________. 5_____________ Group response 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________

Factors affecting Integrity and Ethical behaviour Employee as an Individual • Family Influences Internal/ Organizational External Environment • Policies, Code of • Government conduct regulations MY CHOICE • Religious / Cultural • Behaviour of values leaders, supervisors, peers and subordinates • Personal standards, • Organisational and needs culture Ethical Behaviour • Norms and values of politics – political behaviour • Ethical climate of society- social values and norms

Public sector ethics and integrity Public ethics refers to the collection of values and norms, moral standards or principles that form the foundation of integrity. Civil servant integrity � Commitment to work � Competency and ethical character � Transparency, trust and trustworthiness Public or organisation integrity is that set of characteristics that justify trustworthiness and generate trust among stakeholders. (Integrity Action, 2016).

Trust and Trustworthiness ir ty g e t In Trustworthiness

Integrity in the workplace 46 What is workpalce integrity? Honesty Confidentiality Lead by example Exhibit responsible behaviour – moral and ethical behaviour Respect others and build trust Follow organisational policy and rules 11/29/2020

Public sector integrity 47 Public servants’ behaviour is in line with the public purposes of the organisation in which they work. Daily public service operations for businesses are reliable. Citizens receive impartial treatment on the basis of legality and justice. Public resources are effectively, efficiently and properly used. Decision-making procedures are transparent 11/29/2020 to the public, and measures are in place to

Public sector integrity in Nepal 48 How you see Nepali public secotor integrity? “ Nepal has tried a lot in promoting integrity, transparency and accountability but has largely been unsuccessful. ” - Dix, 2011 Ethical issues are important for improving service delivery; but “…. Moral and ethical values in civil service are in the state of deterioration, causing service delivery to suffer. ” – U R Shakya, 2009 . . . “करमच र तनतरम नत कत खसकक

An Incident: Ram Singh 50 Ram Singh is the project manager of a project. He has been running the project effectively with the help of his capable staffs. He is fully aware with the fact that he can’t run the project without their support. Mr. Singh has occasionally noticed that some malpractices exist among some of his subordinates causing harms to the project with the low quality of work and increased costs. However, he has also noticed that these malpractices are not contrary to the project’s existing rules and regulations and he is sure that the subordinate employees will be annoyed and frustrated to continue to work with supportive attitudes, if he controls such malpractices. He is therefore pretending of being ignorant of malpractices at subordinate level just to ensure their continued 11/29/2020 for running the project smoothly and completing on support

National Integrity System 51 Foundations: Politics , Society , Economy, and Culture The Nepali politics is service to the nation and the people. The values of Nepali society also aim at purity in character of public officials in their public life. Nepali values of the economy particularly land, labour, capital, enterprise emphasizes fairness and stands against cheating. The culture of Nepal has been specially oriented towards truthfulness, honesty and integrity. Thus, all four foundations of NIS, in Nepal, 11/29/2020

52 Over time, however, all four have lost their core because of the race for power in politics, commercialization in society, profit in economy and contamination and malpractices in culture. People have simply forgotten the values with consumerism and materialism. That is the reason why practices such as corruption and abuse of authority flourish.

Integrity Building: 3 Elements Identify and name an integrity problem Knowledge of the legislation, codes, standards, related to the problem Identify the solution

Integrity Building Approaches 1. A lawyer’s approach Toughening laws & legislations 2. A businessman’s approach Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption). 3. A market or an economist’s approach Introduce or increase competition 4. An institutional approach

Community Integrity Building (CIB) 55 The CIB is a collaborative method / approach developed by Integrity Action for local citizens and public officials to jointly work on improving the provision and performance of public services and public infrastructure, thereby improving the lives of thousands of people. This is achieved by: � � � Jointly identify the governance problems related to public services and infrastructure, Propose practical solutions, and Working together to ensure that the solutions are implemented. This approach has five phases, outlined below, and within each of the phases there a number 11/29/2020 of steps to follow and tools to use. It helps to Fix

1. Context Sensitivity 1. 1 Context & Stakeholder Analysis 1. 2 Community Engagement 1. 3 Establishing a Baseline 2. Joint Learning 2. 1 Identifying Community Monitors 2. 2 Training Community Monitors 2. 3 Joint Working Groups (JWGs) 2. 4 Selecting Development Projects to Monitor 3. Evidence Base 3. 1 Data Collection, Analysis and Verification 4. Constructive Engagement 4. 1 Sharing Findings 4. 2 Identify solutions and advocate for change 5. Closing the loop 5. 1 Fixing Problems & Advocacy 5. 2 Learning & Impact Assessment 57 11/29/2020

The Fix – Rate : A key Metric for Transparency and Accountability 58 … is the percentage of identified problems that are resolved to the satisfaction of the key stakeholders. It provides a baseline indicator of performance and effectiveness. … measures the incidence with which transparency and accountability problems are resolved satisfactorily – the percentage of resolved problems. 11/29/2020

… can be used more broadly as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) of effectiveness of institutions in resolving problems. … helps tracking and reporting conviction rates. … helps to highlight where and how organisations need to work together to be more effective.

Integrity Leader Think of an ideal person who you find with high integrity. Why? Please share some of his/her characteristics.

Integrity Leader Integrity leader is the concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes. It connotes a deep commitment to do the right thing for the right reason, regardless of the circumstances. Integrity leader is necessary condition for Integrity Building but we need

Integrity builder is someone who build on - � � � Establishing culture beyond compliance in an organisation. Building a culture of high ethical standards that are reflected in dayto-day practice. Constructing culture based on ethical behaviour.

Core characteristics of integrity builder Commitment to public interest Incorruptibility Consistency of goal Experimentation Competence Institutional intelligence

Summary and Conclusion Integrity is the cornerstone for good governance which refers to the application of values, principles and norms in the daily operations of public sector organizations. Integrity includes consistency and an unwavering adherence to values and beliefs. How much depth we perceive and pursue it, we have to carefully judge ourselves. The weaker the integrity and

65 CIB helps to improve the performance of public services and infrastructure by fixing problems. This leads to increased trust and trustworthiness, i. e. Integrity. ity r g Trust te In Trustworthiness The need, therefore, is to be ethical; and ethical behaviour can be improved at organisational and individual level.

67 Success Will Come and Go, “Try not to become man of But Integrity is Forever. success, but rather become a man of Value. ” – Albert Einstein God bless You 11/29/2020

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Integrity vs. Ethics • • Ethics Following the rules A set of standardized rules for conducting yourself morally The agreed upon standards of what is desirable and undesirable; of right and wrong conduct An external system of rules and laws • • Integrity Doing the right thing, regardless of the rules. A personal code of conduct that goes above the letter of good conduct and encompasses the spirit of good conduct A state or condition of being whole, complete unbroken, unimpaired, sound, in perfect condition An internal system of principles