Integrity and Ethics Achala Dahal Key questions 2

Integrity and Ethics Achala Dahal

Key questions 2 Am I giving my best? Will my action or decisions be in the interest of or for the greatest good for the greatest number? How do I decide upon ethical dilemma? Am I willing to stand up for and defend what is right? Do you know what is right or good at work? Is it enough?

Assessment of honesty of public institutions & officials Source: NNGS, 2017/18

Discussion notes Being an institution of same society/culture why your institution has been considered the most honest ? You as a leader, are you satisfied with the perception of people ? Where are the areas of improvement (individual or institutional ? )

5 “Honesty is very expensive gift, Don’t Expect it form a cheap people. ” Warren Buffet 10/22/2021

Ethics 6 Individual and professional standards The basis of harmony in society and social order Declaration of the moral values and standards of behavior required by all in an organization Ethics is knowing right or wrong, good or bad in actions that affects others.

Integrity 7 State or quality of being complete, undivided or unbroken moral soundness, honesty, uprightness Knowing and doing right things Dictionary meaning: Devotion to moral and ethical principles Dependability of moral character The quality of being honest and morally upright The state of being whole or unified

Integrity is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes. Integrity is knowing right things to do and doing the right things. Integrity is not an absolute notion that you either have or totally lack.

Public Sector Integrity What does integrity mean to the individual civil servant? Commitment to work Competency and ethical character/behavior Transparency, trust and trustworthiness Public or organisation integrity is that set of characteristics that justify trustworthiness and generate trust among stakeholders. Integrity Action

What is integrity? 10 I = a (A, C, E ) – C a= alignment A= accountability C= competence E= ethics and C= Corruption 10/22/2021

Integrity: Viable Options 11 3 5 Exit Voice Loyalty 2 1 4 Organize 6 Source: Albert O. Hirshman 10/22/2021

The roots of integrity 12 In a case, Nurturing a high-integrity culture, Jean Francois Manzoni writes: Organization, that employ lasting success in terms of both performance and integrity, have developed a strong and positive organizational culture that nurtures its employees. Changing organization culture requires modifying the common way of thinking The first step for quest for integrity is basic compliance dimension. While this is necessary condition but not sufficient. 10/22/2021

Cont. … 13 High integrity entails more than respecting rules and regulations; it implies “doing the right things” for the organization Building trust and trustworthiness 10/22/2021

Breakdowns of Integrity and Ethics 14 “Breakdowns” of Integrity Fear Need? /Greed How do these two things shape employee’s behaviour in organization? How does it paralyzes organization’s culture? 10/22/2021

Trends of Corruption and Improper Conduct Cases Lodged Year 2006 to 2018 15 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 31213 24691 22602 19580 1129 19488 8 8839 6145 4294 4149 4324 3564 2732 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: CIAA Annual Reports.

16 Foundation: Integrity and Ethics How supportive are the political institutions? How supportive are organisation culture ? How is the socio-economic situation of the country? How supportive are the prevailing ethics, norms and values in society?

17 Table: Statistical analysis of the gap between law and practice regarding integrity in public sector (1 = very weak and 5 = very strong) Minimum Average Value 1 Integrity Provisions Integrity Practice 1 Total (N = 54) Source: Field Survey, 2017 Maximum Average Value Mean Std. Deviation 4 2. 69 3. 86 2. 46 . 65

18 Are there any factors that may restrict you in fulfilling your ‘visualization of organization with integrity’? Are there any situation of ethical dilemma?

Factors affecting Integrity and Ethical Behaviour 19 As an Individual • Family Influences Internal/ Organizational • Professional ethics • Policies, Code of conduct External Environment • Norms and values of politics – political behavior • Government regulations • Behavior of leaders, • Economic environment supervisors, peers • Ethical climate of and subordinates society- social values and norms • Organizational • Technology culture • Powers MY CHOICE • Religious / Cultural values • Personal standards, and needs Ethical Behaviour

Ethical Dilemma An ethical dilemma is the situation to choose between two options, both of which are morally correct but in conflict. Ethics and morals are inseparable. They both deal with questions of right and wrong. What constitutes ethical behavior is determined by societal or cultural norms. What constitutes moral behavior is up to the individual to decide based on his own sense of right and wrong.

Ethical Decision Making E: Presentation at NASCDecision MakingEthical Dilemma_(360 p). mp 4

Ethical Framework for Decision Making – David Messak Five Sources of Ethical Standards for Decision Making The Utilitarian Approach The ethical action is the one that will produce the greatest balance of benefits over harms. The Rights Approach The ethical action is the one that most dutifully respects the rights of all affected. The Fairness or Justice Approach The ethical action is the one that treats people equally, or if unequally, that treats people proportionately and fairly. The Common Good Approach The ethical action is the one that contributes most to the achievement of a quality common life together. Virtue Approach The ethical action is the one that embodies the habits and values of humans at

Forethought…. We encountered lots of ethical dilemma in our everyday life, but when we make decision we need to follow/base on an appropriate approach.

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25 Learnings from CPI Top Ranked Countries Administrative culture: Rules are brief, clear and strict Few level of bureaucracy Autonomy on the local level Collective decision system Job security (a public official‘s bread may be thin but at least it is long) The presence of women in decision making post

Learnings from CPI Top Ranked Countries 26 Transparency of the work Supervision of decision: Justice and the Parliamentary Watchdog agencies Law enforcement: Investigation Prosecution on corruption, fraud, crime

Learnings from CPI Top Ranked Countries 27 Social factors: Equality in income Welfare society: Social security High standard of living (the higher the standard of living, the lower the level of corruption) Role of Media

Integrity Leader and Builder Integrity leader • Consistency in actions • Committed to do the right thing for the right reason. • Shows concerns on public interest • Transparency • Believes in zero tolerance to • Establishes and constructs ethical culture • Communicates and follows ethical standards consistently • Innovates and takes risk • Shows courage Integri ty Builde r

Core Characteristics of Toxic Leader 1. Commitment to public interest 3. Consistency of goal 5. Competence 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentatio n 6. Institutional intelligence

Core Characteristics of Popular and Self-serving Leader 1. Commitment to public interest 3. Consistency of goal 5. Competence 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 6. Institutional intelligence

Core Characteristics of Integrity Builder 1. Commitment to public interest 3. Consistency of goal 5. Competence 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentati on 6. Institutional intelligence

Integrity Building Approaches A lawyer’s approach Toughening laws & legislations A businessman’s approach Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption). A market or an economist’s approach Introduce or increase competition An institutional approach Genuine political/leadership commitment

Conclusion 33 Assess your ethical position Acknowledge that “it starts with me!” Build ethical thinking into daily activities Establish a legend; let it be disseminated Be wiling to pay the price