Integrated Water Resources Management CE 9090 Integrated Water

Integrated Water Resources Management CE 9090 Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 1

Course Outline Introduction to IWRM Water Supply, Waste Management, Sanitation and Health Ground water management Water Resource and River Basin Planning and Management Economic Demand Dimensions of Water Use Management Hydro-politics Water and conflict management Policy and Governance Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 2

WATER CYCLE Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 3

Stress on Water Resource Global Prospects Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 4

Stress on Water Resource Global Prospects Exponential population growth Increased Water Demand for Food and Drinking Increased economic activities Pressure on fragile ecosystems Water rights Water management, use and discharge (pollution) Climate change All these issues transversally cross all levels of human activities. The situation is even more complex, as there is a recognised water governance crisis. Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 5

Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 6

A Challenge to Water Management Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 7

Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 8

Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 9

Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 10

Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 11

Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 12

Stressed Global Water Resource § More than 2 -billion people suffer from water shortages in over 40 countries. § 1. 1 -billion people do not have access to safe drinking water. § Four out of ten people in the world do not have access to improved sanitation (very basic facilities). § Two-million tonnes of human waste is discharged into water courses every day. § In the year 2025, more than 3 -billion people will face water scarcity. Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 13

Local, Regional, National, Regional, Global Ancient 1200 A. D. 1900 1990 s Future Community Basic management of water quantity Sectoral management of water quantity and quality institutional fragmentation spatial fragmentation local co-ordination Integrated multifunctional use river basin as unit institutionalised cooperation Multi-level Comprehensive Governance Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 14

Concepts of Five Paradigms • 1 - Pre-modern (before 1950) Local secure provision Domestic and livelihood water are inviolable social resources • 2 - Industrial modernity (1950 s) Hydraulic mission; Nature can be controlled • 3 - Late modernity (late 1970 s and 1980 s) Nature cannot be controlled; Water in the environment was essential for environmental services • 4 - Economic efficiency (from 1990) Water is an economic resource • 5 - IWRM (from late 1990 s)

Dublin Principles • Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and environment • Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy makers at all levels • Women play a central part in the provision, Management and safeguarding of water • Water has an economic value and should be recognized as an economic (and social) good

Integrated Water Resources Management IWRM is a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems

Political Nature of IWRM

The Water Resources Development Process: Sectoral (or Use) Approach Prosperity Governance Policy/Inst. Framework Objectives Social Economic Development Env. Protection Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar Ecosystem Mgt. Coastal Mgt. Pollution Prev Industry Agriculture Energy Water Supply Water Quality Activity Sectors (water uses) Health Management Institutions Floods/Droughts Feedback 19

Water Resources Development : The IWRM Process Prosperity Governance Policy/Inst. Framework Objectives IWRM Water and water related policies review and revision Social Economic Development Env. Protection Feedback Management Institutions IWRM Ecosystem Mgt. Coastal Mgt. Pollution Prev Industry Agriculture Energy Floods/Droughts Water Supply Water Quality Health Activity Sectors (water uses) IWRM Resource development, management, monitoring, and evaluation Resource availability/use analysis and allocation Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 20

IWRM - Paradigm Shift. It departs from traditional approaches in three ways Is cross-cutting and departs from the traditional sectoral approach. Spatial focus is the river basin. Departure from narrow professional and political boundaries and perspectives and broadened to incorporate participatory decision-making of all stakeholders (Inclusion vs. exclusion) Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 21

The basics of integration More coordinated decision-making across sectors… . Energy National Basin Local Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar Fisheries Enviro nment Agriculture Water Finance Tourism Industry 22

Risks of Fully Sectoral Approach • Overlooking negative impacts on environment and other sectors Inte gra te d app roa ch • Inefficient use of resources—natural and financial Sec app toral roa ch Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 23

Risks of fully integrated approach • Getting mired in complexity. • Not making good use of specialist expertise. l a r cto ac e S pro ap h ed t a gr ch e t In proa ap Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 24

Finding a Balance Each country needs to decide where integration makes sense based on its social, political and hydrological situation. Integrated approach Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar Sectoral approach 25

IWRM - A Management Process for Water Governance A shift from water development to governance Manage the water resource for long-term, sustainable uses for future generations Governance implies the capacity to both generate and implement appropriate policies Established Requires consensus and participation capacity building Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 26

Global events in promoting IWRM Adopted at International Conference on Water and Environment (ICWE), Dublin 1992, Contributed to Agenda 21/Rio Declaration (chapter. 18 on freshwater resources) at United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro 1992 UN CSD (“Rio + 5, 10, 20) World Water Forums (at 3 years intervals) Stockholm water week (annually) Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 27

Global Water Partnership ü To promote the concept and implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) to help resolve current and future water crises. ü Transform ground reality, through broad based stakeholder partnerships, to influence policy. ü Function as neutral change agent in facilitating policy formulation. ü Provide a focal point to overcome “fragmented” efforts leading to unsustainable management and development.

GWP Regional Partnerships – 13 Regions Central & Eastern Europe China Mediterranean Central America West Africa Central Asia South Asia Caribbean Central Africa Eastern Africa South America Southern Africa Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 29 Southeas t Asia

Cap. Net is an associated project of the UNDP The Objective of Cap. Net is to enhance human resources development for Integrated Water Resources Management through strengthening or establishment of a number of regional IWRM networks able to deliver education and training support for improved management of water resources. Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 30

Capacity Building ü ü ü ü Global Initiatives Cap. Net UNESCO-IHE UN University Waternet Saci. WATERs Other Initiatives SIWI ü Australian Initiatives ü Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 31

Thank You Integrated Water Resource Management CE 9090 - Dr. (Eng. ) S S Sivakumar 32