Integrated Pest Management in Vegetable Agroforestry Systems The

Integrated Pest Management in Vegetable Agro-forestry Systems: The IPM component for SANREM CRSP-Indonesia Greg Luther, AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center Aunu Rauf, Bogor Agriculture University

IPM in TMPEGS falls under: Objective 1: Technology. Develop economically viable and ecologically-sound integrated vegetable-agroforestry (VAF) systems to increase farm productivity and income, and reduce vulnerability and risks.

Pest and Pest Management Participatory Appraisal n n n Informal interviews with farmers and direct field observations were the primary appraisal methods. Conducted 11 -12 September 2006 Main objective: to make a qualitative assessment of the situation to enable pertinent planning of research activities.

Pest and Pest Management Participatory Appraisal n Focus: n n Vegetable crops shown by the baseline survey to be important in Nanggung, i. e. , tomato, yard-long bean, cucumber, green beans, leaf onion (Allium fistulosum), and Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum or A. odorum). Three vegetables/spices that TMPEGS had identified as having good marketing potential, i. e. , tebu telur, katuk (Sauropus androgynus), and honje.

Pest and Pest Management PA n n ~18 farmers interviewed, either singly or in groups 3 villages: Parakan Muncang, Sukaluyu and Kalongliud. We also observed the crops directly and took photos. Due to the drought, vegetable crops were only in the field to a limited extent

Yard-long bean (kacang panjang) (Vigna unguiculata ssp sesquipedalis) n n The vegetable most extensively planted at the time of the appraisal Consensus: aphids are the most damaging pest/disease n n Farmers said they can reduce yields up to 75 -100%. Infestations can cover the entire plant and kill it.

Yard-long bean n Other pests: n n n leaf-footed bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) Southern green stinkbug (Nezara viridula, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), gaung-gaung (Riptortus linearis, Hemiptera: Alydidae) grasshoppers leaf caterpillar virus

Yard-long bean n Some farmers: Pest damage is heavier on yard-long bean if planted under trees, because water drips from the trees onto the crop, which does not receive enough sunlight. n n However, the effect may differ according to tree species. Another farmer: trees don’t influence pest levels on yard-long bean.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) n n The only farmer we found with tomato in the field said his was a local variety called “tomat sayur” (“vegetable tomato”). This variety can be harvested 10 times while common tomato does not grow well here and can only be harvested 2 times.

Tomato n n Main pest is a caterpillar that bores into the fruit (didn’t observe it; likely tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa armigera). Farmer: If tomatoes are planted in locations with too many trees, the yield drops

Cucumber (timun) (Cucumis sativus) n n The beetle Aulacophora similis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) appears to be causing the serious defoliation we observed. One farmer said that this beetle is the most damaging pest on cucumber, and can cause major crop loss.

Cucumber n Farmer: Planting cucumbers near trees can increase infestation levels of A. similis, and the shading reduces yields. n His cucumbers were planted in an open area.

Chinese chive (Kucai) (Allium tuberosum or A. odorum) n Farmers: only one significant pest the larva of the scarab beetle, Exopholis hypoleuca. n n n It attacks the roots while hiding in the soil. It can reduce yields up to 100%. Kucai grows better in open areas according to one farmer who is planting it extensively.

Tebu telur, katuk and honje n These indigenous vegetables/spices have little to no pest problems

Stem borer on tebu telur

Natural enemies n n Farmer knowledge about natural enemies is quite limited We observed many natural enemies in the field

Pest control measures n Application of n n n synthetic pesticides (Decis, Curacron, Darmabas, Thiodan, Furadan, Rekor, Furacron, others) sulfur lime soap kitchen ashes

Research plans n n Sample the aphid Aphis craccivora and its natural enemies on yard-long bean 4 treatments: n n Monoculture, no pesticides Under trees, no pesticides Monoculture, with botanical pesticide* Under trees, with botanical pesticide* * Tephrosia leaf formulation

Acknowledgements n n Many thanks to Dr. Gerhard Manurung and Dr. Jim Roshetko for facilitating many aspects that allowed the participatory appraisal to be conducted. Much appreciation to all the farmers who gave their input to the appraisal.