INTD 59 bathroom plumbing fixtures plumbing residential plumbing

INTD 59 bathroom plumbing & fixtures

plumbing residential plumbing system provides water to various points throughout the home— understanding how water is supplied & distributed is necessary a balance must be met between design criteria & economic considerations residential plumbing system is made up of three basic systems: • supply system • drain & waste system • vent system

plumbing

supply system • brings pressurized water from utility main or well • distributes water to appliances & fixtures on demand • a valve regulates the flow: faucet handles & lever controls, shower & tub controls, ball-rocker valves in the laundry, pressurerelief valves on water heaters • water pressure to the house must be established prior to the design • plumber must check water pressure available to ensure correct balance between supply & demand

plumbing

drain & waste system • transports gray water (used water from washer, dishwasher, sinks & bathing) and waste from house to sewer or septic tank • most fixtures drain by gravity—toilet uses gravity & falling water (some low-flow use injection of air as well) • backflow must be considered in fixture design • designer must be aware of plumbing drain cleanout locations

plumbing

vent system • exhausts noxious sewer gases from house • also maintains air pressure in drain system, helping waste to flow down to sewer plumbing system is a simple application of supply and demand— • utility main or private well supplies water to house on demand • drain-waste and vent systems extract noxious fumes & wastes from house on demand

plumbing codes • codes vary from region to region • the size of the main supply line to house & the supply lines to individual fixtures/appliances depends upon: • number of fixtures to be installed • water pressure delivered by utility or well (typically 46 -60 lbs. per square inch) • elevation of fixture from water source

plumbing codes • supply lines from main supply typically ¾ 1 inch in diameter • many suppliers specify the size of a supply line for proper installation of a fixture • plumber is responsible for calculating pipe size in compliance with applicable code • designer MUST communicate with plumber early in design process • collaborate so that local code is met & water pressure is appropriate

bathtubs so many sizes & shapes—no longer an “average” most state laws require a slip-resistant bottom—handle on one side also very helpful safety feature may be ordered with: • left or right drain • all four sides enclosed • front & two sides enclosed • front & one side enclosed • drop in model—sunken

bathtubs cleaning? children?

bathtubs manufactured of several materials: • porcelain enameled cast-iron • most durable—very expensive & HEAVY • floor should be strong enough— tub+water+body • porcelain can chip—offers color choices • retains heat very well • porcelain enameled formed steel • acrylic-reinforced fiberglass

bathtubs manufactured of several materials: • porcelain enameled cast-iron • porcelain enameled formed steel • lighterweight— 100 lbs—upper story installations • less expensive • noisier—can use coating or insulation • may flex—have thinner layer of insulation • acrylic-reinforced fiberglass

bathtubs manufactured of several materials: • porcelain enameled cast-iron • porcelain enameled formed steel • acrylic-reinforced fiberglass • easy maintenance • lightweight • not as durable as cast-iron or steel • tub surround can be cast as one piece —can also include accessories

jacuzzi synonymous with whirlpool baths—jets create circular pattern of bubbles providing massage made of continuous cast acrylic, reinforced with fiberglass

bathtub surrounds may be reinforced fiberglass, decorative laminate, ceramic tile, stone…options are endless failure to install & caulk correctly is major cause of leaks access to plumbing for future repairs?

bathtubs

showers minimum requirements for stall shower: 34 in square standard height of shower head: • 66 -in for men • 60 -in for women install at 74 -inches & adjust for height handheld shower offers additional flexibility

showers shower heads more than 5 -10 years old use 3 -8 gallons of water per minute— 2. 4 gallons per minute saves almost 12, 000 gallons water per year

showers

showers several ways to keep water within the shower area: • shower curtain—water can escape • glass shower door—soap & hard water residue • walls with no door—generally master bath

showers wheelchair accessible showers

faucets deck mounted—used only for tubs wall mounted—used for showers; tub/shower combo both available in single or dual control— single control regulate temperature more easily

lavatories come in many sizes, shapes & materials according to personal preferences & space requirements materials: • vitreous china • glass • cast iron • stainless steel • sculpted marble • china • ceramic • enameled steel • polished brass • solid-surface usually round or oval—can be whatever

lavatories

lavatories pedestal

lavatories self-rimming

lavatories under the counter

lavatories wall mounted

lavatories flush

lavatories above surface

lavatory faucets • single-handle • center-fit • spread-fit

lavatory faucets placement depends upon design of sink water conservation laws mandate flow requirements finishes: • polished chrome • black chrome • polished brass—needs some sort of clear coat • gold plated • brushed nickel

lavatory faucets accessibilty

toilets toilet = water closet made of vitreous china—withstands acids may be: wall-hung—flush through wall drain floor-mounted—flush through floor or wall drain

toilets low profile

toilets gravity flush all required to have visible water turn-off

toilets pressure assisted: From the outside, pressure assisted toilets look identical to gravity toilets. When you lift the lid of a pressure assisted toilet, however, instead of seeing water, you will notice an inner tank. The inner tank is completely sealed; when water is fed from the water line, the air inside the tank gets compressed. When the toilet is flushed, instead of just falling by the force of gravity, the water is forced out with the pressure of the compressed air. This pressurized stream of water cleans all the waste from the bowl much more efficiently than the water from gravity toilets. The pressure in the toilet is therefore created by using the water pressure provided by the water company - no pumps or other devices are used.

toilets pressure assisted:

toilets dual flush options— uses more water for solid waste removal

bidets generally installed as a companion to a toilet used for cleansing the perineal area—sit astride the bowl facing the controls