Instruments of International Relations the DIME framework Diplomatic

Instruments of International Relations (the DIME framework) ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﺪﻭﺍﺕ ØDiplomatic ØInformational ØMilitary Ø Economic National Policy Objectives ﺃﻬﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ

6. Bush Administration and Public Diplomacy ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ q Voice of America q Radio Free Iraq q Radio Sawa is a 24 -hours-a-day, 7 -days-a-week service with 48 daily newscasts in Arabic being transmitted by various means. Radio Sawa airs news, analysis, editorial comment, talk and music q On February 14, 2004, the United States launched a new $62 million Arabic-language satellite television channel, Al-Hurra, to deliver US messages in Arabic across the Arab world

4. Nixon Doctrine: Détente 1969 -1974 Nixon Doctrine: ( ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﻲ ) ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﻧﻴﻜﺴﻮﻥ • Retain flexible response but added a “Realistic Deterrence” ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻀﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻉ ØNixon’s Détente = easing of tensions between the superpowers ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ØNixon and Kissinger both favored "back-channel" communications and used secret negotiations to lay the groundwork for détente with the Soviet Union.

Activities 2 1)- Write (T) for True and (F) for false: 1 - ( )Public Diplomacy was very important for the US in winning the Cold War. 2 - ( )Roosevelt's dollar diplomacy was based on using money to secure US interests. 3 - ( )After the events of 9/11, the US used public diplomacy to improve its image in the Arab and Muslim world. 4 - ( )Soft power involves making others do what you want through force. 5 - ( )The use of mass media was mainly avoided by the US in its public Diplomacy campaigns. 6 - ( )Bush's doctrine was based on consulting with other states before going to war.

2)- Provide a term for the following definitions: 1 - ……………… It involves using diplomacy, but practicing military power or threaten military action. 2 - ………………Arabic-language satellite television channel established to deliver US messages in Arabic across the Arab world. 3 - ……………… It is based on mixing hard power with soft power by focusing on culture, value and ideology. 4 - ……………… It involves dimensions of international relations beyond traditional diplomacy

3)- Complete the following sentences: 1. Woodrow Wilson's moral policy was based on…………………. . …………………………………… 2. The US Bush administration used a number of mass media in its public diplomacy campaigns in the Arab world such as ………………………………………… 3. The success of a country’s foreign policy depends on…………. . …………………………………… 4. Hard power can be defined as…………………………………… 5. Coercive diplomacy is based on the idea that……………………………………

4 - Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word: deterrence – power –back channel –global – coercive – interests 1. Howard Taft's dollar diplomacy was based on protecting American ……………. by giving money to other governments. 2. ……………. diplomacy is based on using force or threats to use force to reach agreements. 3. The United States continue to act as the ……………. superpower despite the economic and military problems it faces. 4. Nixon and Kissinger both used ……………. communication than direct negotiations. 5. Smart ……………. is used in situations which involve mixing soft and hard power. 6. The United States often used economic sanctions and military threats as a form of ……………. against governments which do not follow its policies.

5)- Match the words in List (A) with words that relate to them in List (B) AB 1. pre-emptive 2. soft 3. global 4. economic 5. back-channel 6. public 7. democratic 8. big stick _____ a. policy _____ b. enlargement _____ c. information _____ d. war _____ e. superpower _____ f. power _____ g. sanctions _____ h. communication

6)- Complete the following news report based on the words from the list: war– nuclear– strategy – crisis – politics – results – brink– practice Brinkmanship can be understood as the ……………. of pushing dangerous events to the ……………. of disaster in order to achieve the most useful …………. It happens in international ……………. foreign policy, diplomatic maneuvers in ……………. situations and military ……………. involving the threat of using ……………. weapons. It was originally applied to the policies of President Eisenhower during the cold………………. Best Wishes 2015

2=Amnesty International is a world-wide volunteer organization funded entirely by subscriptions and donations. It is totally independent of any government, political faction, ideology, economic interest or religious creed. The organization works for the release of `Prisoners of Conscience' - men, women and children imprisoned anywhere for their beliefs, colour, sex, ethnic origin, language or religion. It also seeks fair and immediate trial for all political prisoners detained without charge and opposes torture and the degrading treatment of prisoners. It is also against the death penalty for all types of crime.

Amnesty works by collecting information. When it has proof that a person is a `Prisoner of Conscience', that person's case is handed over to a local group. The local groups are ordinary individuals who believe in Amnesty's work. They send letters to governments, embassies, leading newspapers and the prisoner's family and friends. They also collect signatures and raise money to send medicine, food and clothing to the prisoners and their families. These volunteers use their freedom of speech to win the same freedom for their adopted prisoner. Amnesty International is an organization that will only be satisfied when it has become redundant.

Questions 2 1. Answer the following questions using your own words. a. What are the aims of Amnesty International? ………………………………. . . . . ………………………. . . . . b. How do Amnesty's local groups operate? ………………………………. . ………………………………

2. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? a. ( )Amnesty International follows a religious creed. b. ( ) Amnesty International fights for the release of any prisoner who opposes violence. ) Amnesty International opposes death sentence under all conditions. ) Amnesty International is sponsored by governments worldwide. ) anyone can work with Amnesty International if they believe in the prisoners’ right to fight for their cause. c. ( d. ( e. (

3. Find a word or phrase in the text which, in context, is similar in meaning to: a. looks for, tries to obtain …………………. b. unpaid workers ……………. c. finance ……………. d. does not belong to …………….

4. Find a word or phrase which is opposite in meaning to the following: a. world-wide x ……………. b. fair x ……………. c. without charge x ……………. d. degrading x ……………. e. redundant x…………….

5. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below: 1. Amnesty International is supported… a. by people with left-wing views. b. in part by government assistance. c. by people who give money or subscribe to the organization. 2. Amnesty gathers information… a. to determine if someone is a `Prisoner of Conscience'. b. to support its local groups. c. for the `Prisoners of Conscience. 3. The local groups are composed of. . . a. representatives from governments, embassies, leading newspapers b. special people who know the prisoners and their families. c. normal people who have the same views as Amnesty International. 4. Amnesty International will go on working until… a. many `Prisoners of Conscience' are released from prison. b. its work becomes unnecessary. c. the `Prisoners of Conscience' are redundant.